Dermatology Flashcards
Treatment for keloid scars?
Intra-lesional steorids
Most likely organism for fungal nail infection
Trichophytom rubrum
Management of fungal nail infection
If limited involvement- topical treatment with amorolfine
More extensive involvement give oral terbinafine
Management of athelets foot
Topical imidazole, undectonate or terbinafine first line
First line for rosacea?
Topical ivermectin
Drugs exacerbating plaque psoriasis
Truma
Alcohol
Beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials, NSAIDs, ACEI, infliximab
Withdrawl of steroids
First line oral abx in acne?
Tetracyclines
What is hidradentitis suppurativa?
Chronic, painful inflammatory skin disorder charatersied by development of inflammatory nodules, pustules, sinus tracts and scars in intertriginous areas
What is erythema ab igne?
Disorder caused by over exposure to infrared
Reticulated, erythematous patches with hyperpigmentation and telangiectasia
IF not treated risk of SCC
What is pityriasis versicolor
Superfiical fungal infection caused by malassezia furfur
What is dermatitis herpetiformis
Autoimmune blistering skin disoreder associated with coeliac
Caused by depisoition of IgA in the dermis
What are salmon patches?
Vascular birthmarks which usually self resolve
What are the causes of erythema nodosum?
Infection, systemic disease, malignancy, drugs, pregnancy
Most common bacteria in acne vulgaris?
Propionibacterium acnes
Lichen planus features
itchy, papular rash most common on the palms, soles, genitalia and flexor surfaces of arms
rash often polygonal in shape, with a ‘white-lines’ pattern on the surface (Wickham’s striae)
Koebner phenomenon may be seen (new skin lesions appearing at the site of trauma)
oral involvement in around 50% of patients: typically a white-lace pattern on the buccal mucosa
nails: thinning of nail plate, longitudinal ridging
What is pyogenic granuloma?
Overgrowth of blood vessels
Red nodules
Usually follows trauma
Can occur in crohns
What is keratocanthoma?
Dome-shaped erythematous lesions that develop over a period of days and grow rapidly
Contain a central pit of keratin
Then they begin to necrose and slough off
What can acne roseacea complication?
Blephatitis, keratitis and conjunctivitids
Causes of acanthosis nigricans?
type 2 diabetes mellitus
gastrointestinal cancer
obesity
polycystic ovarian syndrome
acromegaly
Cushing’s disease
hypothyroidism
familial
Prader-Willi syndrome
drugs
combined oral contraceptive pill
nicotinic acid
Appearance of types of melanomas
Superficial- Growing mole.
Noduar- Red or black lump or lump which bleeds or oozes
Lentigo- Growing mole but rarer. Slow growing
Acral lentiginous- Subungual pigementation or on palms or feet
What are dermoid cysts
Embryological remenants and may be lined by hair and squamous epithelium
First line lichen planus?
Topical steroids
Treatment of scalp psoriasis?
Topical potent corticosteroid
What is treatment for eczema herpeticum?
IV antivirals
Most accurate method for assessing the extent of burn?
Lund and Browder chart
What size does a lipoma need to be to US it?
More than 5cm
What is hereditary haemorrhagic telagnectasia
Autosomal dominant condition characterised by multiple telangiectasia over the skin and mucuous membranes
What are psoriatic nail changes?
Affect both fingers and toes and dont relect severity of psoriasis but associated with psoriatic arthritis
What is onycholysis?
Seperation of the nail from the nail bed
Appearance of superficial epidermal burns?
Red and painful, dry, no blisters
Appearance of superficial dermal burns
Pale pink, painful, blistered, slow capillary refill
Appearance of deep dermal burns
White but may have patches of non blanching erythema
Reduced sensation, painful to deep pressure
Appearance of full thickness burns?
White/brown/black
No blisters
No pain
First line cream for actinic keratoses
Fluorouracil cream
What is lichen sclerosus
Inflammatory condition that usually affects the genitalia and is more common in elderly females
Leads to atrophy of the epidermis with white plques forming
Features of lichen sclerosus
White patches that may scar
Itching
May result in pain during intercourse or urination
What are stress ulcers in burns patients referred to as?
Curlings ulcers and may cause haematemesis
Causes of pyodermic gangrensoum
Idiopathic
IBD
Rheumatolgical
Haematological
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
What is erythema multiforme?
Hypersensitivity reaction that is most commonly triggered buy infection
Erythema multiforme mjor has mucosal involvement
What is pemphigoid gestationis
Pruitic blistering lesions
What is pellagra?
Nicotinic acid deficinecy
3Ds
Dermatitis, diarrohea and dementia
Most significant complication of PUVA therapy?
SCC
Causes of hypertrichosis (androgen independent hair growth)
Drugs
Congenital hypertrichosis langinosa, congenital hypertichosis terminalis
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Anorexia nervosa
What is pompholyx?
Type of eczema affecting both hands and feet
Antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis
Anti-tissue transglutaminse antibody
Most effective treatment for prominent telangiectasia in rocasea
Laser therapy
Features of zinc deficinecy?
acrodermatitis: red, crusted lesions. acral distribution, peri-orificial, perianal
alopecia
short stature
hypogonadism
hepatosplenomegaly
geophagia (ingesting clay/soil)
cognitive impairment
Features of a keratocanthoma?
Look like a volcano or crater
Initally a smooth dome shpaed papule but rapidly grow to become a crater filled with keratin
What is pomphyoloyx eczema?
Eczema which affects the hands and feet
What is erythema multiforme most commonly caused by?
Infections
What is calciptrol?
Vitamin D analogue that reduces epidermal prolieration. Used in psoriasis treatment
List of triggers for worsening episodes of psoriasis?
BLANQ
Beta blockers
Lithium
Alcohol/Aces
NSAIDs
Quinine
When should adults and chilren be given IV fluids for a burn?
Adults- Cover more than 15% BSA
Children-10%
First line for facial hirsutism?
Topical eflornithine
What is Bowens disease?
Precanerous form of scc
First line for verucca?
Salicyclic acid
First line for head lice?
Malathion
What is pretibial myoxderma?
Symmetrical, erythematous lesions seen in Graves disease. Shiny, orange peel skin
Appearance of pityriasis rosacea?
Herald patch followed 1-2 weeks later by multiple erythematous, slightly raised oval lesions with a fine scale confined to the outer aspects of the lesions.
May follow a characteristic distribution with the longitudinal diameters of the oval lesions running parallel to the line of Langer. This may produce a ‘fir-tree’ appearance
What is porphyria cutanea tarda?
most common hepatic porphyria. It is due to an inherited defect in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase or caused by hepatocyte damage e.g. alcohol, hepatitis C, oestrogen.
What us Sebrrhieic dermatitis in adults associated with?
HIV
Parkinson’s
Treatment of adrenaline induced ischaemia?
Phentolamine
If in doubt for skin give what abx?
Flucloxacillin
Steroid memory aid?
HEBD
Mild- Hydrocorisone
Moderate- Eumovate
Potenent- Betnovte
Very potent- Dermovate
First line for psoriasis?
Potent topical corticosteroid OD and topical vitamin D OD applied at different times
And emollient
Who is usually affected in flexural psoriasis?
Old people
What is erythema migrans found in?
Lyme disease
What is pemphigoid gestationis
Pruitic blistering lesions
