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Year 4 Final > Emergency > Flashcards

Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

Why does haemodilution occur?

A

Intracellular shift into organs

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2
Q

What are some types of wounds

A

Abrasion- frictional type of wound
Haematoma- brusising contained in one area
Contusions- bruise
Burns
Puncture wound- deep. Narrow entry point
Laceration- wound that is longer on the surface than it is deep. Blunt force injury
Incision- surgical wound. Sharp blade.
De gloving

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3
Q

Features of a laceration?

A

Blunt force
Ragged edge
Full thickness
Bruised edge
Tissue bridge

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4
Q

Features of an incision

A

Sharp instrument
Straight edges
No tissue bridges
More on skin rather than deep

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5
Q

Features of a puncture wound

A

Depth more than wide
Stab wound
Puncture impleis blunt wound
Bites

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6
Q

Puncture vs perforation

A

Perforation has an entry and an exit wound

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7
Q

What is repair?

A

Putting a scar In the area

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8
Q

What is regeneration?

A

Wound fixing itself
Favoured over repair

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9
Q

What is primary intention healing? Vs secondary

A

Primary is bring wound together. More likely to be regelation over repair

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10
Q

Why is a monofilament suture good?

A

Wider surface area. Better for cosmetic results

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11
Q

Which one of burns is drier?

A

Deeper the burn the dryer

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12
Q

Rule of 9s

A

Arms
Head
2 on legs
1 chest
1 abdomen
2 on back

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13
Q

Primary vs secondary brain injury

A

Primary- Pathology sustained at the time of injury. Can’t reverse
Secondary- Later and potentially treatable

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14
Q

What is cerebral perfusion pressure equation?

A

CPP=MAP-ICP

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15
Q

What are osmotic diuretics?

A

Things that you give people intravenously to suck fluid out of brain by osmosis

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16
Q

What is important when doing a GCS?

A

Is it decreasing or increasing

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17
Q

Motor parts of GCS?

A

6- Obeys command
5- Localises to supraorbital pain
4- Withdraws from nailbed pain
3- Abnormal flexion to pain
2- Extension to pain
1- No response

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18
Q

Who needs an emergency CT scan within 1 hour

A

Decreased GCS
Clinical evidence of base of skull fracture or suspicion of open/depressed skull fracture
Focal neurological signs
Seizure
More than 1 episode of vomiting

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19
Q

Who needs a CT scan within 8 hours?

A

Anticoagulation (Warfarin/DOAC)
Coagulopathy and LOC/amnesia
Age more than 65 and LOC/Amnesia
Dangerois mechanism and LOC/Amnesia
More than 30 minutes retrograde amnesia

20
Q

What kind of blood is an extradural haemorrhage normally?

21
Q

Signs of base of skull fracture?

A

Panda eyes
CSF leak from eyes and ears
Battle sign

22
Q

What is subdural haemorrhage caused by?

A

Traumatic tear to the bridging veins

23
Q

Treatment of a subdural haematoma?

A

Reverse anticoagulation
Observe- Interval CT
If large need neurosurgical intervention

24
Q

Paediatric GCS

25
Q

What is a toxidrome?

A

Collection of symptoms that indicate a certain overdose has been taken

26
Q

What to do in an opiate overdose?

A

Bag ventilation or BIPAP
Naloxone

27
Q

Exmaples of stimulant drugs?

A

Ampehtamine
Cocaine
Drugs that stimulate sympathetic pathway

28
Q

A in general manageemnt principles in poisoning

A

Suction
Turn onto side
Intubation

29
Q

B in general management principles in poisoning

A

Hypo or hyperventilation is an issue

Bag mask them, BIPAP and give them oxygen

30
Q

C in general management principles in posioning

A

Worry about VF and VT

31
Q

What is giving in posioning to counteract acidosis?

A

Bicarbonate

32
Q

What does activated charcol?

A

Binds drugs in Gii TRACT
Only works if drugs is still in stomach

33
Q

In severe posioning what can you do to get rid of the drugs?

34
Q

What is used in paracetemol overdose?

A

N-acetylcystine

35
Q

Why is paracetemol toxic?

A

Small amount turned into NAPQI which is a toxic substance. Always a small amount goes to NAPQI but in high levels of paracetemol more goes to NAPQI as more drug and causes hepatotoxicity

36
Q

What to do if over treatment line in paracetemol oD?

A

Start on treatment

37
Q

When to do blood levels in paracetemol OD?

38
Q

When to start treatment of paracetemol OD?

39
Q

What to do if present over 8 hours with paracetemol OD?

A

Take level and start on treatment in the meantime

40
Q

What to do with a staggered OD?

A

Give treatment based on total dose and do blood tests

41
Q

What to look at in LFTs in paracetemol OD?

A

LFTs and clotting factors

42
Q

Treatment of serotnin syndrome?

A

Cooling
Benzodiazopines

43
Q

Treatment for TCA OD?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

44
Q

Treatment of CCB OD?

A

Calcium gluconate
Atropine (pacing)
Vasopressors and inotropes
Glucagon

45
Q

What is lipid emulsion rescue therapy used for?

A

LA toxicity

46
Q

Benzodiazepine OD in a hospital context manegemnt?

Year 4 Final (39 decks)

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