On Field Care & Emergency Procedures Flashcards
What are some important factors to include in an emergency action plan
- Identify Emergency Personnel
- Identify Emergency Communication source
- Identify Emergency Equipment needed
- Know Roles of First Responders
- Activate EMS
- Create venue directions to provide to EMS staff
- Include Sports Medicine Staff Phone numbers
What are some considerations when developing an emergency action plan
- Develop separate plan for each sport venue
- Inform coaches of the action plan
- Assign someone to accompany the injured athlete to hospital
How often should emergency practice sessions for athletic trainers and EMTs be held
- At least once a year
On field assessment can be divided into primary and secondary surveys, compare and contrast those
- Primary: Assessment of life threatening injuries
- Secondary: Performed after life threatening injuries have been ruled out
What are some life threatening injuries that should be identified during primary survey
- Airway obstruction
- No breathing
- No circulation
- Profuse bleeding
- Shock
What steps should be taken when managing the unconscious athlete
- Stabilize Cervical Spine
- Check responsiveness, airway, breathing, circulation, shock, and profuse bleeding
- Call 911
- Care for patient until help arrives
What steps should be taken when managing the conscious patient
- Secondary survey
- Vital signs, history, musculoskeletal evaluation
- Treatment decision
- Transportation from field or court
If an athlete is lying prone or on their side and breathing, what position should they be placed in
- Recovery position
- Laying on Left side; knees, hips, elbows flexed
Discuss finger sweeping in the unconscious patient
- If object is lodged and visible, may be able to remove it with your fingers
- Take care not to drive the object deeper into the throat
What are some ways to manage external bleeding
- Direct Pressure
- Elevation
- Pressure Points
What are some considerations for a patient with suspected internal hemorrhaging
- Blood pressure should be closely monitored
- Should be hospitalized and under observation
When is the development of shock most likely to occur
- With severe bleeding
- fractures
- internal injuries
What is Shock
- Diminished amount of blood in the circulatory system
- Blood plasma moves into the tissue spaces in the body
- Blood flow stagnates and slows
- Not enough oxygen to tissues, particularly the nervous system
- Leads to widespread tissue death and eventual death of the individual unless treatment is given
What are the main types of Shock
- Hypovolemic
- Respiratory
- Neurogenic
- Psychogenic
- Cardiogenic
- Septic
- Anaphylactic
- Metabolic
What is Hypovolemic Shock
- Stems from trauma and blood loss
- decreased blood volume
What is Respiratory Shock
- When lungs can not supply enough oxygen to circulating blood
What is Neurogenic Shock
- Caused by general dilation of blood vessels within the cardiovascular system
What is Psychogenic Shock
- Commonly called fainting or syncope
- Caused by temporary dilation of blood vessels that reduces the normal amount of blood in the brain
What is Cardiogenic Shock
- Inability of heart to pump enough blood to the body
What is Septic Shock
- From a severe, usually bacterial infection
- Toxins from bacteria cause small blood vessels in the body to dilate
What is Anaphylactic Shock
- Result of sever allergic reaction
- Manage using Epipen
What is Metabolic Shock
- Happens when severe illness such as diabetes goes untreated
- Also could be due to extreme loss of body fluid
What are the signs of Shock
- Low Blood pressure
- Systolic below 90
- Pulse rapid and weak
- Patient may be drowsy and sluggish
- Shallow and rapid respiration
- Pale, cool, clammy skin
How should shock be managed
- Maintain body temperature
- Elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches (injuries to certain body parts may change this)
- If psychological reaction, athlete should lie down and avoid viewing injury
- Loosen clothing
- Nothing should be given by mouth
What is the AVPU scale
- Used to assess neurological status of trauma patients
- Alert - is patient alert
- Verbal - is patient verbal
- Pain - responds only to painful stimulus
- Unresponsive - doesn’t respond to painful stimulus
What is the ADCU scale
- Used to assess neurological status of trauma patients
- Alert
- Confused
- Drowsy
- Unresponsive
Glasgow coma can also be used to assess neurological status
What are the guidelines for proper splinting
- Dress open wounds before splinting
- Splint injury in position it is found
- Splint should immobilize injury, no movement
- Immobilize joints above and below
- Elevate splinted extremity
- Continuously check color of fingers and toes, ensure circulation
What is the best way to splint injury to spine or pelvis
- Spine board
