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Athletic Training > Additional General Medical Concerns > Flashcards

Additional General Medical Concerns Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Rhinovirus (Common Cold)

A
  • Scratchy throat, watery discharge from nose, Sneezing
  • In some instances a secondary bacterial infection occurs, can produce yellowish nasal discharge, mild fever, malais, myalgia
  • Treat symptomatically, lasts 5-10 days
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2
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Influenza

A
  • Fever, cough, headache, malaise, inflamed respiratory mucous membranes with coryza (profuse nasal discharge), general aches and photophobia
  • If uncomplicated treatment consists of bedrest and supportive care.
  • Avoid symptomatic care such as aspirin for those under 18 because of Reyes syndrome
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3
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis

A
  • Severe fatigue and may raise the risk of spleen rupture
  • Starts with a 3-5 day prodrome of headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and myalgia.
  • Days 5-15, fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat
  • May also have jaundice, skin rash, pinkish flush to cheeks, and puffy eyelids
  • Blood test to diagnose
  • Complications include ruptured spleen, meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and anemia
  • Treat supportive and symptomatic
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4
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Rubella

A
  • Red spots on the palate, sore throat, slight temperature, drowsiness, swollen lymph glands from 1-5 days
  • Rash then begins on the face and spreads down the extremities and lasts for about 3 days
  • Treated symptomatically for comfort, can be vaccinated for in childhood
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5
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Rubeola (Measles)

A
  • Spots in the mouth, conjunctivitis, fever up to 104 deg, sneezing, nasal congestion, coughing, malaise, and photophobia at about 4 days
  • When fever high, rash appears, first on face as small red spots then increases in size and spreads to trunks, lasts for about 5 days
  • Bed rest, dark room, anti-itch cream
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6
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Parotitis (mumps)

A
  • Virus
  • Pain in neck below and in front of the ear, which progresses to marked swelling on one or both sides.
  • Malaise, Headache, chills, moderate fever
  • Painful to move jaw, swallowing difficult
  • Immunization to prevent, treat for comfort
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7
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Varicella (chicken pox)

A
  • Begins with a temperature followed by rash
  • Rash first appears as individual red crops or spots, they evolved from macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts over several days
  • Begins on back and chest, rarely on extremities
  • Can medicate with immune globulin medication and acyclovir
  • Otherwise, Anti itch cream for comfort
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8
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Sinusitis

A
  • Skin over sinuses swollen, and painful
  • May have purulent Nasal discharge
  • If purulent, antibiotics
  • Steam therapy to prevent vasoconstriction
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9
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Pharyngitis (Sore throat)

A
  • Sore Throat
  • Topical Gargles
  • Antibiotics given for streptococcal infection to prevent scarlet and rheumatic fever
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10
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Tonsillitis

A
  • Tonsils inflamed, red, swollen, with yellowish exudate in the pits
  • Difficulty swallowing, fever with chills, headache and pain in neck
  • Culture for strep and if positive, antibiotics
  • If not, warm saline gargling, liquid diet
  • frequent bouts of this may need surgery
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11
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Seasonal Atopic Pollinosis (Hay Fever)

A
  • Allergies
  • eyes, throat, etc itches
  • Sinus headache, red swollen eyes
  • More serious allergic reactions sometimes occur
  • Antihistamines
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12
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Acute Bronchitis

A
  • Cough, slight fever, sore throat, nasal inflammation and discharge
  • Eventually dry cough turns to clear mucous and then yellowish if infection present
  • Patient may wheeze or rales may be present
  • Rest, drink fluids, cough suppressant, and antibiotic if lung infection present
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13
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Pneumonia

A
  • Infection of the alveoli and bronchioles
  • High fever with chills, pain on inspiration, decreased breath sounds, and rhonchi on auscultation
  • Coughing up of purulent, yellowish sputum
  • Could be bacterial or viral
  • Antibiotics for bacterial, rest and get lots of fluids for viral
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14
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Bronchial Asthma

A
  • Spasm of the bronchial wall smooth muscles Causing narrowing of airway, edema, inflammation of mucous membrane, producing copious amounts of mucus
  • Attack begins with chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and fatigue
  • Regular exercise can benefit asthmatics, gradual warm ups and cool downs
  • Avoid exercising in areas of high air pollution or pollen count
  • Treat attack prophylactically or during the attack with bronchodilator such as albuterol
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15
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

A
  • Genetic disorder, major cause of chronic lung disease in children
  • Abnormally high production of mucous in the lungs and susceptibility of heat illnesses
  • Can also present with bronchitis, pneumonia, respiratory failure
  • Drug therapy, postural drainage with cupping hands, high fluid intake
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16
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A
  • as child begins to walk, frequent falls and difficulty standing up
  • Progressive degeneration affects hips, then legs, then abdominal and spinal muscles
  • As they atrophy muscles shorten causing postural abnormalities
  • Cannot be cured, Exercise can slow progress, death occurs before 20 years of age
17
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Mysasthenia Gravis

A
  • Occurs most in females between 20 and 40
  • Drooping of upper eyelid, double vision d/t weakness of extraocular muscles
  • May be difficulty chewing and swallowing, weakness of extremities, and general decrease in muscular endurance
  • Treated with drugs that inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine and corticosteroids
18
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Meningitis

A
  • Caused by group of viruses known as enteroviruses or by bacteria
  • Viral sometimes serious, bacterial very serious and may be fatal
  • Stiff neck, high fever, intense headache, sensitivity to light and sound, and progress to vomiting, convulsions and coma
  • CSF must be analyzed
  • If bacterial treated with IV antibiotics, If viral bed rest, fluids, etc
19
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A
  • Difficulty speaking, swallowing and using hands
  • Rapid production of muscle atrophy, maintains sensory and intellectual function
  • No cure, most die within 3-5 years
20
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

A
  • Progressive extreme hypersensitivity to touch, redness, sweating, burning/ aching pain, swelling with palpable tightness and shining of the skin, and atrophy.
  • Sympathetic ganglion nerve block, Active range of motion, antidepressants if patients become depressed
21
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia

A
  • Burning thighs and nausea when exercising
  • Craving Ice
  • Performance decrease and performing serum ferritin test
  • Eat proper diet, eat more red and dark poultry, avoid coffee and tea, take vitamin C, take iron supplement
22
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Runners Anemia

A
  • Impact forces destroy erythrocytes; Running causes hemolysis which is the destruction of red blood cells
  • Characterized by mildly enlarge red blood cells
  • Decrease running distance
23
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia

A
  • Can be brought on by overheating of the skin, as with fever, and high altitudes. Flying on plane
  • Crisis symptoms include skin palor, muscle weakness, severe pain in limbs and abdomen, fever and fatigue. May have headache and convulsions
  • Abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant may indicate a splenic condition in which there is an infarct
  • Treatment is symptomatic, anticoagulants
24
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Lymphangitis

A
  • Usually caused by streptococcal bacteremia
  • Inflammation of lymph vessels
  • Deep reddening of the skin, warmth, lymphandentitis, and a raised border over the affected area, especially if infection is cause
  • May have fever and chills
  • Patient should be hospitalized
25
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

A
  • Insulin Dependent DM (IDDM) symptoms include:
  • Constant thirst, weight loss, constant hunger, tiredness and weakness, itchy dry skin and blurred vision
  • Non Insulin Dependent usually in overweight individuals
  • After 8 hours of fasting, plasma glucose levels should range between 60-109; Anything above 126 is considered diabetic
  • Balanced diet and when needed daily doses of insulin
26
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Diabetic Coma

A
  • Loss of ketones through excessive urinating producing ketoacidosis
  • Labored breathing, fruity smelling breath, nausea and vomiting, Thirst, dry mouth, flushed skin and mental confusion or unconsciousness
  • Early detection through use of blood sugar monitoring and injection of insulin can prevent coma
27
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Insulin Shock

A
  • When body has too much insulin, hypoglycemia results
  • Irritability and weakness, tingling in mouth, hands and other body parts
  • Headaches, abdominal pain, shallow respirations, rapid heartbeat and tremors
  • Diabetic athletes should have strictly planned diet and take snacks of simple carbs every 40 minutes of activity
28
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Thyroid Gland Disorders

A
  • Could be hypo or hyperthyroidism
  • Hyperthyroid involves overproduction of Thyroxine which causes increased metabolism, rapid fatigue during exercise, weight loss, and Hyperthermia during exercise
  • Graves disease is a form of hyperthyroidism
  • Hypothyroidism results in lowered metabolism, poor circulation, dry skin, low blood pressure, slow pulse, depressed muscle activity, intolerance to cold, increasing obesity, and potentially development of a goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland)
  • Should be referred to physician
29
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Epilepsy

A
  • Epilepsy is any recurrent seizure pattern
  • If an individual has daily or even weekly major seizures, collision sports should be prohibited
  • A blow during participation that causes unconsciousness could result in a serious injury
  • If seizures are well controlled with medication or occur only during sleep, they can play sports except for scuba diving, swimming alone, and participating in activities that occur at great height
  • Patients control this usually with anticonvulsant medication
30
Q

How do you manage a seizure

A
  • Be emotionally composed
  • Cushion patients fall
  • Keep patient away from injury producing objects by clearing the area
  • Loosen restrictive clothing
  • Prevent patient from biting mouth by placing soft cloth between teeth
  • Allow patient to awaken normally after seizure
  • Do not restrain patient during seizure
31
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of High Blood Pressure

A
  • Symptomatic high blood pressure can cause dizziness, flushed appearance, headaches, fatigue, epistaxis and nervousness
  • Normal: 120/80
  • Pre hypertension: 120-139/80-89
  • Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159/90-99
  • Stage 2 hypertension: 160 or greater/100 or greater
  • Pre should try to manage with diet and exercise
  • Stages 1 and 2 should be on medication
32
Q

What are the warning signs of Cancer

A
  • Change in bowel or bladder
  • Sore that does not heal
  • Unusual bleeding or discharge
  • Thickening or a lump in breast or elsewhere
  • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
  • Obvious change in a wart or a mole
  • A nagging cough or hoarseness
33
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Chlamydia

A
  • Painful urination and traces of blood in urine
  • Most females are asymptomatic but sometimes experience vaginal discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and pain and inflammation at other sites
  • Treated with antibiotics
34
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Trichomoniasis

A
  • Female will have vaginal discharge that is greenish yellow and frothy
  • Irritation of vulva, perineum, and thighs
  • Female may have painful urination
  • Male usually asymptomatic but may have frothy, purulent urethral discharge
  • Treat with antibiotics (metrodinazole)
35
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Genital Candidiasis

A
  • Caused by a yeastlike fungus
  • Female has irritation in the area and occasional vaginal discharge
  • Treat with anti-fungal cream
36
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Condyloma Acuminata (Venereal Warts)

A
  • This form of wart virus produces nodules that have cauliflower like lesion or can be singular
  • Nodules begin as soft, moist, pink or red swellings that develop a stem with a flowerlike head
  • Treated with medicated solution and dry warts may be treated with a freezing process such as liquid nitrogen
37
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Gonorrhea

A
  • In men the onset is marked by tingling sensation in the urethra followed by greenish yellow discharge of pus and painful urination
  • Initial symptoms will go away but individual can still spread the infection
  • If left untreated can eventually cause sterility and Arthritis
38
Q

What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Syphilis

A
  • A painless chancre or ulcerationdevelops and heals within 8 weeks
  • Highly contagious in this early time period, ulcerations can occur on penis, urethra, vagina, cervix, mouth, hand or foot
  • Second stage characterized by skin rash, lymph swelling, body aches, and mild flulike symptoms. Hair may fall out in patches
  • Last stage characterized by deep penetration of spirochetes that damage skin, bone, cardiovascular and nervous system
  • Neurosyphilis can progress to severe muscle weakness, paralysis, and various types of mental disorders
  • Treated with penicillin

Athletic Training (13 decks)

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