Additional General Medical Concerns Flashcards
1
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Rhinovirus (Common Cold)
A
- Scratchy throat, watery discharge from nose, Sneezing
- In some instances a secondary bacterial infection occurs, can produce yellowish nasal discharge, mild fever, malais, myalgia
- Treat symptomatically, lasts 5-10 days
2
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Influenza
A
- Fever, cough, headache, malaise, inflamed respiratory mucous membranes with coryza (profuse nasal discharge), general aches and photophobia
- If uncomplicated treatment consists of bedrest and supportive care.
- Avoid symptomatic care such as aspirin for those under 18 because of Reyes syndrome
3
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis
A
- Severe fatigue and may raise the risk of spleen rupture
- Starts with a 3-5 day prodrome of headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and myalgia.
- Days 5-15, fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat
- May also have jaundice, skin rash, pinkish flush to cheeks, and puffy eyelids
- Blood test to diagnose
- Complications include ruptured spleen, meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and anemia
- Treat supportive and symptomatic
4
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Rubella
A
- Red spots on the palate, sore throat, slight temperature, drowsiness, swollen lymph glands from 1-5 days
- Rash then begins on the face and spreads down the extremities and lasts for about 3 days
- Treated symptomatically for comfort, can be vaccinated for in childhood
5
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Rubeola (Measles)
A
- Spots in the mouth, conjunctivitis, fever up to 104 deg, sneezing, nasal congestion, coughing, malaise, and photophobia at about 4 days
- When fever high, rash appears, first on face as small red spots then increases in size and spreads to trunks, lasts for about 5 days
- Bed rest, dark room, anti-itch cream
6
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Parotitis (mumps)
A
- Virus
- Pain in neck below and in front of the ear, which progresses to marked swelling on one or both sides.
- Malaise, Headache, chills, moderate fever
- Painful to move jaw, swallowing difficult
- Immunization to prevent, treat for comfort
7
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Varicella (chicken pox)
A
- Begins with a temperature followed by rash
- Rash first appears as individual red crops or spots, they evolved from macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts over several days
- Begins on back and chest, rarely on extremities
- Can medicate with immune globulin medication and acyclovir
- Otherwise, Anti itch cream for comfort
8
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Sinusitis
A
- Skin over sinuses swollen, and painful
- May have purulent Nasal discharge
- If purulent, antibiotics
- Steam therapy to prevent vasoconstriction
9
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Pharyngitis (Sore throat)
A
- Sore Throat
- Topical Gargles
- Antibiotics given for streptococcal infection to prevent scarlet and rheumatic fever
10
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Tonsillitis
A
- Tonsils inflamed, red, swollen, with yellowish exudate in the pits
- Difficulty swallowing, fever with chills, headache and pain in neck
- Culture for strep and if positive, antibiotics
- If not, warm saline gargling, liquid diet
- frequent bouts of this may need surgery
11
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Seasonal Atopic Pollinosis (Hay Fever)
A
- Allergies
- eyes, throat, etc itches
- Sinus headache, red swollen eyes
- More serious allergic reactions sometimes occur
- Antihistamines
12
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Acute Bronchitis
A
- Cough, slight fever, sore throat, nasal inflammation and discharge
- Eventually dry cough turns to clear mucous and then yellowish if infection present
- Patient may wheeze or rales may be present
- Rest, drink fluids, cough suppressant, and antibiotic if lung infection present
13
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Pneumonia
A
- Infection of the alveoli and bronchioles
- High fever with chills, pain on inspiration, decreased breath sounds, and rhonchi on auscultation
- Coughing up of purulent, yellowish sputum
- Could be bacterial or viral
- Antibiotics for bacterial, rest and get lots of fluids for viral
14
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Bronchial Asthma
A
- Spasm of the bronchial wall smooth muscles Causing narrowing of airway, edema, inflammation of mucous membrane, producing copious amounts of mucus
- Attack begins with chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and fatigue
- Regular exercise can benefit asthmatics, gradual warm ups and cool downs
- Avoid exercising in areas of high air pollution or pollen count
- Treat attack prophylactically or during the attack with bronchodilator such as albuterol
15
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
A
- Genetic disorder, major cause of chronic lung disease in children
- Abnormally high production of mucous in the lungs and susceptibility of heat illnesses
- Can also present with bronchitis, pneumonia, respiratory failure
- Drug therapy, postural drainage with cupping hands, high fluid intake
16
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
A
- as child begins to walk, frequent falls and difficulty standing up
- Progressive degeneration affects hips, then legs, then abdominal and spinal muscles
- As they atrophy muscles shorten causing postural abnormalities
- Cannot be cured, Exercise can slow progress, death occurs before 20 years of age
17
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Mysasthenia Gravis
A
- Occurs most in females between 20 and 40
- Drooping of upper eyelid, double vision d/t weakness of extraocular muscles
- May be difficulty chewing and swallowing, weakness of extremities, and general decrease in muscular endurance
- Treated with drugs that inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine and corticosteroids
18
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Meningitis
A
- Caused by group of viruses known as enteroviruses or by bacteria
- Viral sometimes serious, bacterial very serious and may be fatal
- Stiff neck, high fever, intense headache, sensitivity to light and sound, and progress to vomiting, convulsions and coma
- CSF must be analyzed
- If bacterial treated with IV antibiotics, If viral bed rest, fluids, etc
19
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A
- Difficulty speaking, swallowing and using hands
- Rapid production of muscle atrophy, maintains sensory and intellectual function
- No cure, most die within 3-5 years
20
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
A
- Progressive extreme hypersensitivity to touch, redness, sweating, burning/ aching pain, swelling with palpable tightness and shining of the skin, and atrophy.
- Sympathetic ganglion nerve block, Active range of motion, antidepressants if patients become depressed
21
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia
A
- Burning thighs and nausea when exercising
- Craving Ice
- Performance decrease and performing serum ferritin test
- Eat proper diet, eat more red and dark poultry, avoid coffee and tea, take vitamin C, take iron supplement
22
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Runners Anemia
A
- Impact forces destroy erythrocytes; Running causes hemolysis which is the destruction of red blood cells
- Characterized by mildly enlarge red blood cells
- Decrease running distance
23
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia
A
- Can be brought on by overheating of the skin, as with fever, and high altitudes. Flying on plane
- Crisis symptoms include skin palor, muscle weakness, severe pain in limbs and abdomen, fever and fatigue. May have headache and convulsions
- Abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant may indicate a splenic condition in which there is an infarct
- Treatment is symptomatic, anticoagulants
24
Q
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Lymphangitis
A
- Usually caused by streptococcal bacteremia
- Inflammation of lymph vessels
- Deep reddening of the skin, warmth, lymphandentitis, and a raised border over the affected area, especially if infection is cause
- May have fever and chills
- Patient should be hospitalized
25
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
- Insulin Dependent DM (IDDM) symptoms include:
- Constant thirst, weight loss, constant hunger, tiredness and weakness, itchy dry skin and blurred vision
- Non Insulin Dependent usually in overweight individuals
- After 8 hours of fasting, plasma glucose levels should range between 60-109; Anything above 126 is considered diabetic
- Balanced diet and when needed daily doses of insulin
26
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Diabetic Coma
- Loss of ketones through excessive urinating producing ketoacidosis
- Labored breathing, fruity smelling breath, nausea and vomiting, Thirst, dry mouth, flushed skin and mental confusion or unconsciousness
- Early detection through use of blood sugar monitoring and injection of insulin can prevent coma
27
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Insulin Shock
- When body has too much insulin, hypoglycemia results
- Irritability and weakness, tingling in mouth, hands and other body parts
- Headaches, abdominal pain, shallow respirations, rapid heartbeat and tremors
- Diabetic athletes should have strictly planned diet and take snacks of simple carbs every 40 minutes of activity
28
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Thyroid Gland Disorders
- Could be hypo or hyperthyroidism
- Hyperthyroid involves overproduction of Thyroxine which causes increased metabolism, rapid fatigue during exercise, weight loss, and Hyperthermia during exercise
- Graves disease is a form of hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism results in lowered metabolism, poor circulation, dry skin, low blood pressure, slow pulse, depressed muscle activity, intolerance to cold, increasing obesity, and potentially development of a goiter (enlargement of thyroid gland)
- Should be referred to physician
29
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Epilepsy
- Epilepsy is any recurrent seizure pattern
- If an individual has daily or even weekly major seizures, collision sports should be prohibited
- A blow during participation that causes unconsciousness could result in a serious injury
- If seizures are well controlled with medication or occur only during sleep, they can play sports except for scuba diving, swimming alone, and participating in activities that occur at great height
- Patients control this usually with anticonvulsant medication
30
How do you manage a seizure
- Be emotionally composed
- Cushion patients fall
- Keep patient away from injury producing objects by clearing the area
- Loosen restrictive clothing
- Prevent patient from biting mouth by placing soft cloth between teeth
- Allow patient to awaken normally after seizure
- Do not restrain patient during seizure
31
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of High Blood Pressure
- Symptomatic high blood pressure can cause dizziness, flushed appearance, headaches, fatigue, epistaxis and nervousness
- Normal: 120/80
- Pre hypertension: 120-139/80-89
- Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159/90-99
- Stage 2 hypertension: 160 or greater/100 or greater
- Pre should try to manage with diet and exercise
- Stages 1 and 2 should be on medication
32
What are the warning signs of Cancer
- Change in bowel or bladder
- Sore that does not heal
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thickening or a lump in breast or elsewhere
- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
- Obvious change in a wart or a mole
- A nagging cough or hoarseness
33
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Chlamydia
- Painful urination and traces of blood in urine
- Most females are asymptomatic but sometimes experience vaginal discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and pain and inflammation at other sites
- Treated with antibiotics
34
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Trichomoniasis
- Female will have vaginal discharge that is greenish yellow and frothy
- Irritation of vulva, perineum, and thighs
- Female may have painful urination
- Male usually asymptomatic but may have frothy, purulent urethral discharge
- Treat with antibiotics (metrodinazole)
35
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Genital Candidiasis
- Caused by a yeastlike fungus
- Female has irritation in the area and occasional vaginal discharge
- Treat with anti-fungal cream
36
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Condyloma Acuminata (Venereal Warts)
- This form of wart virus produces nodules that have cauliflower like lesion or can be singular
- Nodules begin as soft, moist, pink or red swellings that develop a stem with a flowerlike head
- Treated with medicated solution and dry warts may be treated with a freezing process such as liquid nitrogen
37
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Gonorrhea
- In men the onset is marked by tingling sensation in the urethra followed by greenish yellow discharge of pus and painful urination
- Initial symptoms will go away but individual can still spread the infection
- If left untreated can eventually cause sterility and Arthritis
38
What are the signs/ symptoms and treatment of Syphilis
- A painless chancre or ulcerationdevelops and heals within 8 weeks
- Highly contagious in this early time period, ulcerations can occur on penis, urethra, vagina, cervix, mouth, hand or foot
- Second stage characterized by skin rash, lymph swelling, body aches, and mild flulike symptoms. Hair may fall out in patches
- Last stage characterized by deep penetration of spirochetes that damage skin, bone, cardiovascular and nervous system
- Neurosyphilis can progress to severe muscle weakness, paralysis, and various types of mental disorders
- Treated with penicillin
