Older Flashcards
Q: What are the typical changes associated with normal aging?
Choices:
A) Decreased sensory abilities and cognitive decline
B) Decreased immune function and memory loss
C) Decreased sensory abilities and productive engagement without cognitive decline
D) Increased sensory function and decreased immune response
Answer: C) Decreased sensory abilities and productive engagement without cognitive decline
Q: Which assessment method is crucial for collecting biopsychosocial data in older adults with mental health problems?
*Choices:**
A) Only medical records
B) Interviews and standardized tests
C) Comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment
D) Lab tests exclusively
Answer: C) Comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment
Q: What are the most common mental health problems in older adults?
Choices:
A) Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
B) Depression, anxiety disorders, and dementia
C) ADHD and anxiety
D) Substance abuse disorders
Answer: B) Depression, anxiety disorders, and dementia
Q: What is the key difference between delirium and dementia?
Choices:
A) Delirium is gradual and permanent; dementia is rapid and reversible
B) Delirium is rapid and reversible; dementia is gradual and irreversible
C) Both are rapid in onset and permanent
D) Dementia can be reversed with treatment
Answer: B) Delirium is rapid and reversible; dementia is gradual and irreversible
Q: Which risk factors are commonly associated with delirium in older adults?
Choices:
A) Only infection and medications
B) Age, cognitive impairment, infection, medications, and electrolyte imbalances
C) Physical trauma only
D) No known risk factors
Answer: B) Age, cognitive impairment, infection, medications, and electrolyte imbalances
Q: What is the primary focus of nursing interventions for delirium?
Choices:
A) Administering antipsychotics
B) Treating with sedatives
C) Identifying causes, supportive care, and safety
D) Ignoring symptoms until they worsen
Answer: C) Identifying causes, supportive care, and safety
Q: Which medications are commonly used for Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) SSRIs and beta-blockers
B) Donepezil, Galantamine, and Memantine
C) Antihistamines and benzodiazepines
D) Stimulants and antipsychotics
Answer: B) Donepezil, Galantamine, and Memantine
Q: What are the three stages of Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Early, mid, and late onset
B) Mild, moderate, and severe
C) Temporary, chronic, and terminal
D) Progressive, stable, and remissive
Answer: B) Mild, moderate, and sev
Q: What is the role of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s treatment?
*Choices:**
A) Increase serotonin
B) Increase dopamine
C) Increase acetylcholine
D) Decrease norepinephrine
Answer: C) Increase acetylcholine
Q: What environmental interventions are important for patients with dementia?
Choices:
A) Frequent changes to environment
B) Safe, predictable environment with adequate lighting
C) Isolation in dark rooms
D) No environmental changes
Answer: B) Safe, predictable environment with adequate lighting
Q: What are some non-pharmacological nursing interventions for patients with dementia?
Choices:
A) Medication adjustments only
B) Memory enhancement, orientation, and maintaining routines
C) Limiting social interactions
D) Ignoring memory issues
Answer: B) Memory enhancement, orientation, and maintaining routines
Q: What is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil?
Choices:
A) Weight gain
B) Gastrointestinal issues
C) Increased appetite
D) Hallucinations
Answer: B) Gastrointestinal issues
Q: What is the key goal of nursing care for patients with Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Focus solely on medication
B) Management of cognitive symptoms, delaying decline, and supporting caregivers
C) Isolate the patient
D) Promote complete independence
Answer: B) Management of cognitive symptoms, delaying decline, and supporting caregivers
Q: What are the typical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Memory loss only
B) Decline in cognitive domains like memory, attention, and executive functioning
C) Mood changes only
D) Decline in motor abilities only
Answer: B) Decline in cognitive domains like memory, attention, and executive functioning
Q: What are some of the behavioral problems associated with advanced Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Increased energy
B) Aggression and joy
C) Agitation, wandering, and apathy
D) High levels of social interaction
Answer: C) Agitation, wandering, and apathy
Q: What nursing interventions are crucial for managing patients with delirium?
Choices:
A) Administering sedatives
B) Identifying causes, providing supportive care, and ensuring safety
C) Ignoring symptoms until they worsen
D) Isolating the patient
Answer: B) Identifying causes, providing supportive care, and ensuring safety
Q: What are common risk factors for developing delirium in older adults?
Choices:
A) Sedentary lifestyle
B) Infections, medications, cognitive impairment, electrolyte imbalances
C) High blood pressure
D) Physical trauma
Answer: B) Infections, medications, cognitive impairment, electrolyte imbalances
Q: What is the typical cause of death in patients with advanced Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Heart attack
B) Pneumonia and infections
C) Accidental death
D) Overdose
Answer: B) Pneumonia and infections
Q: What are common non-pharmacological interventions for managing agitation and wandering in patients with Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Restraining the patient
B) Encouraging aggressive behavior
C) Safe environment, maintaining routines, and using distraction
D) Administering high doses of medication
Answer: C) Safe environment, maintaining routines, and using distraction
Q: What are some important nursing interventions for addressing sleep disturbances in older adults with dementia?
Choices:
A) Isolating the patient
B) Promoting a consistent sleep schedule and reducing daytime naps
C) Ignoring sleep issues
D) Administering stimulants
Answer: B) Promoting a consistent sleep schedule and reducing daytime naps
Q: What is the role of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Used to improve memory
B) Used to manage severe agitation and psychosis but with caution
C) Always used as first-line treatment
D) Used to cure Alzheimer’s disease
Answer: B) Used to manage severe agitation and psychosis but with caution
Q: Which non-cognitive symptoms commonly occur in patients with Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Memory loss only
B) Psychosis, mood symptoms, and agitation
C) Improved cognition
D) No non-cognitive symptoms
Answer: B) Psychosis, mood symptoms, and agitation
Q: What is the primary focus of caregiver support in managing patients with Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Removing the caregiver from the care plan
B) Providing education, emotional support, and resources
C) Isolating the patient from caregivers
D) Encouraging caregivers to seek alternative care
Answer: B) Providing education, emotional support, and resources
Q: What is the significance of polypharmacy in older adults, especially those with mental health conditions?
Choices:
A) No impact on older adults
B) Reduces the effectiveness of medications
C) Increases the risk of adverse drug reactions and cognitive decline
D) Improves medication adherence
Answer: C) Increases the risk of adverse drug reactions and cognitive decline
Q: What are common early-stage symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Severe motor deficits
B) Memory loss, language difficulties, mood changes
C) No symptoms
D) Incontinence and inability to walk
Answer: B) Memory loss, language difficulties, mood changes
Q: What is a key goal in the management of moderate-stage Alzheimer’s disease?
*Choices:**
A) Only treating with medication
B) Supporting ADLs and managing memory loss and behavioral changes
C) Isolating the patient from social interactions
D) Ignoring cognitive decline
Answer: B) Supporting ADLs and managing memory loss and behavioral changes
Q: What type of memory is most commonly affected first in Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) Long-term memory
B) Short-term memory
C) Motor memory
D) Emotional memory
Answer: B) Short-term memory
Q: What nursing interventions help prevent aspiration in older adults with dementia?
Choices:
A) Offering large meals quickly
B) Ensuring proper positioning and monitoring swallowing
C) Ignoring swallowing difficulties
D) Administering liquids only
Answer: B) Ensuring proper positioning and monitoring swallowing
Q: What is the goal of pharmacologic interventions for Alzheimer’s disease?
Choices:
A) To reverse the disease
B) To slow cognitive decline and manage behavior
C) To enhance muscle function
D) To improve eyesight
Answer: B) To slow cognitive decline and manage behavior
Q: What are the primary elements of assessment for older adults with neurocognitive disorders?
Choices:
A) Cognitive function only
B) Physical health only
C) Cognitive function, mood, behavior, physical health, social support
D) Only family history
Answer: C) Cognitive function, mood, behavior, physical health, social support
