Anxiety, OCD, Somatic, Antianxiety medications_student Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety?
* A) Increase serotonin
* B) Enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
* C) Block norepinephrine
* D) Stimulate dopamine release
B) Enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
Which of the following is a risk associated with long-term benzodiazepine use?
* A) Increased serotonin levels
* B) Physical dependence and withdrawal
* C) Reduced dopamine sensitivity
* D) Increased cognitive functioning
B) Physical dependence and withdrawal
Which class of medications is typically used as the first-line treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
* A) Antipsychotics
* B) Beta-blockers
* C) SSRIs and SNRIs
* D) Benzodiazepines
C) SSRIs and SNRIs
Which of the following medications is a non-benzodiazepine used for treating anxiety with less risk of dependency?
* A) Lorazepam
* B) Alprazolam
* C) Buspirone
* D) Clonazepam
C) Buspirone
Which type of medication is used off-label for anxiety, particularly for performance-related anxiety?
* A) Antipsychotics
* B) Beta-blockers
* C) SSRIs
* D) Antihistamines
B) Beta-blockers
What is hydroxyzine commonly used for in patients with anxiety?
* A) Increasing serotonin levels
* B) Treating depression
* C) Reducing sleep disturbances and anxiety
* D) Improving cognitive function
C) Reducing sleep disturbances and anxiety
What are the characteristic symptoms of a panic attack?
* A) Persistent worry and delusions
* B) Sudden intense fear with physical symptoms such as chest pain and dizziness
* C) Mild anxiety and sleep disturbances
* D) Chronic fatigue and restlessness
B) Sudden intense fear with physical symptoms such as chest pain and dizziness
Which of the following is a core symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
* A) Euphoria
* B) Delusions
* C) Excessive worry or anxiety difficult to control
* D) Flashbacks to traumatic events
C) Excessive worry or anxiety difficult to control
What characterizes Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
* A) Obsessive thoughts and repetitive compulsive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety
* B) Flashbacks to past traumatic events
* C) Mood swings and psychotic features
* D) Delusions and hallucinations
A) Obsessive thoughts and repetitive compulsive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety
Which of the following best describes Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
* A) Intentional fabrication of symptoms for external gain
* B) Distressing physical symptoms without a clear medical cause, along with excessive thoughts or behaviors related to the symptoms
* C) Fear of specific places or situations
* D) Loss of motor or sensory function without a medical
B) Distressing physical symptoms without a clear medical cause, along with excessive thoughts or behaviors related to the symptoms
What is Conversion Disorder characterized by?
* A) Persistent fear of illness
* B) Altered motor or sensory function without a clear medical cause
* C) Excessive worry about multiple aspects of life
* D) Recurrent and intrusive thoughts
B) Altered motor or sensory function without a clear medical cause
What is the primary goal in treating patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
* A) Eliminate physical symptoms entirely
* B) Focus on coping with symptoms and improving daily functioning
* C) Refer the patient for surgical intervention
* D) Administer medications to induce sleep
B) Focus on coping with symptoms and improving daily functioning
Which medication class is often used to treat both anxiety and comorbid depression in patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
* A) SSRIs
* B) Antipsychotics
* C) SNRIs
* D) Antihistamines
C) SNRIs
Which disorder is characterized by the intentional fabrication or exaggeration of symptoms for internal reasons such as assuming a sick role?
* A) Panic Disorder
* B) Illness Anxiety Disorder
* C) Factitious Disorder
* D) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C) Factitious Disorder
What is the first-line treatment for Panic Disorder?
- A) SSRIs
- B) Benzodiazepines
- C) Antipsychotics
- D) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
A) SSRIs
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
- A) Muscle tension
- B) Difficulty concentrating
- C) Restlessness
- D) Seizures
D) Seizures
Which of the following is considered a “Specific Phobia”?
- A) Agoraphobia
- B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- C) Social Anxiety Disorder
- D) Arachnophobia
D) Arachnophobia
Which class of medications is considered first-line for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
- A) SNRIs
- B) SSRIs
- C) Benzodiazepines
- D) Beta-Blockers
B) SSRIs
Somatization refers to:
- A) The intentional production of physical symptoms for personal gain.
- B) The manifestation of psychological distress as physical symptoms.
- C) The fear of illness or disease without significant symptoms.
- D) The avoidance of social situations due to anxiety.
B) The manifestation of psychological distress as physical symptoms.
Which of the following is a common comorbidity of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
- A) Seizures
- B) Depression
- C) Sleep apnea
- D) Psoriasis
B) Depression
In Panic Disorder, a panic attack must be followed by at least 1 month of which of the following? (Select all that apply)
- A) Fear/worry of additional panic attacks
- B) Significant changes in behavior because of fear of the attacks
- C) Persistent mood swings
- D) Concern about cardiovascular disease
A) Fear/worry of additional panic attacks
- B) Significant changes in behavior because of fear of the attacks
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Factitious Disorder?
- A) The desire to be a patient
- B) Intentionally inducing symptoms
- C) The motivation for secondary gain (e.g., money)
- D) Misrepresentation of symptoms
C) The motivation for secondary gain (e.g., money)
Which anxiety disorder involves a fear and avoidance of places where escape might be difficult or help unavailable during a panic attack?
- A) Social Anxiety Disorder
- B) Agoraphobia
- C) Specific Phobia
- D) Illness Anxiety Disorder
B) Agoraphobia
What are the primary symptoms that characterize anxiety disorders as a whole?
- A) Euphoria and excitement
- B) Irritability and anger
- C) Fear and anxiety
- D) Apathy and lack of energy
C) Fear and anxiety
What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines in the treatment of anxiety?
- A) Increase serotonin levels
- B) Enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
- C) Block dopamine receptors
- D) Increase norepinephrine release
B) Enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
Which benzodiazepine carries a black box warning for increased risk of CNS depressant effects when combined with opioid medications?
- A) Alprazolam
- B) Diazepam
- C) Lorazepam
- D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the primary difference between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder?
- A) Anxiety disorders do not involve physical symptoms.
- B) Anxiety disorders involve impairment to functioning.
- C) Normal anxiety always requires pharmacologic treatment.
- D) Anxiety disorders are characterized by obsessive-compulsive behavior.
B) Anxiety disorders involve impairment to functioning.
What therapy is considered first-line for the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
- A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- B) Psychoanalysis
- C) Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
- D) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Which of the following is a common screening tool used to assess Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
- A) SCARED
- B) GAD-7
- C) Beck Depression Inventory
- D) Y-BOCS
B) GAD-7
What are the nursing implications during a panic attack? (Select all that apply)
- A) Stay with the patient
- B) Ensure safety
- C) Provide psychoeducation
- D) Offer PRN medication
A) Stay with the patient
- B) Ensure safety
- D) Offer PRN medication
What is the average age of onset for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
- A) 15
- B) 25
- C) 30
- D) 40
C) 30
What is the typical pharmacologic treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
- A) SSRIs
- B) SNRIs
- C) Benzodiazepines
- D) Antipsychotics
A) SSRIs
Which disorder is characterized by altered or loss of motor or sensory function with no clear medical basis?
- A) Factitious Disorder
- B) Somatic Symptom Disorder
- C) Conversion Disorder
- D) Hypochondriasis
C) Conversion Disorder
Which of the following is a characteristic of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)?
- A) Deliberate deception of symptoms
- B) Functional impairment despite no clear medical cause
- C) Anxiety related to specific places or situations
- D) Persistent worry about acquiring a serious illness
B) Functional impairment despite no clear medical cause
What is the best treatment approach for patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder?
- A) Focus on staying healthy and identifying triggers
- B) Focus on medical tests to identify the illness
- C) Use of hypnotic drugs
- D) Psychotherapy only
A) Focus on staying healthy and identifying triggers
Which anxiety disorder involves fear of social situations where embarrassment may occur?
- A) Agoraphobia
- B) Social Anxiety Disorder
- C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- D) Illness Anxiety Disorder
B) Social Anxiety Disorder
Which type of phobia refers to the fear of germs?
- A) Xenophobia
- B) Microphobia
- C) Zoophobia
- D) Brontophobia
B) Microphobia
What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions in OCD?
- A) Obsessions are repetitive behaviors, while compulsions are intrusive thoughts.
- B) Obsessions are thoughts or urges, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.
- C) Obsessions are actions that reduce anxiety, while compulsions are thoughts.
- D) Obsessions are triggered by environmental factors, while compulsions are mental states.
B) Obsessions are thoughts or urges, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.
What percentage of people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) experience symptoms before the age of 14?
- A) 10%
- B) 25%
- C) 50%
- D) 75%
B) 25%
Which of the following treatments is most appropriate for reducing the amount of time spent on OCD rituals?
- A) Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
- B) Hypnotherapy
- C) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
- D) Medication alone
A) Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
Factitious Disorder is different from malingering because:
- A) It is motivated by financial gain.
- B) Symptoms are exaggerated or fabricated for internal reasons, like developing a dependent relationship.
- C) It is motivated by external rewards, such as time off work.
- D) It involves deliberate symptom production for personal benefit.
B) Symptoms are exaggerated or fabricated for internal reasons, like developing a dependent relationship.