OL (CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODEL) / BANDURA'S EXPERIMENT(S)

Question 1

CHARACTERITSICS OF THE O.L. MODEL

S

A

L

R

C

P

Answer 1

• Likelihood of a learner to pay attention to, remembering and imitating a behaviour is influenced by:
• Similarity (Between Model and observer)
• Attractiveness
• Likability
• Relevance
• Credibility
• Prestige of the model (Prestige: respect and/or admiration given to someone due to reputation or success)

Question 2

BANDURA’S EXPERIMENTS (BO-BO DOLL EXPERIMENTS)

Answer 2

AIM: Investigate whether aggression could be learnt through observational learning

SAMPLE + METHOD

• Placed children into one of three conditions
• Aggressive model
• Non-aggressive model (Passive)
• No model shown (Control condition)

Question 3

BANDURA’S EXPERIMENT: STAGES

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

Answer 3

STAGE 1

• Aggressive group: shown a room containing toys. Watching a male or female model behaving aggressively towards a toy
• Non-Aggressive group: Watched a non-aggressive model (played in a quiet and subdued manner)
• Controlled group: Not exposed to any model at all

STAGE 2 (Aggression arousal)

• All the children: subjected to ‘mild aggression arousal
• Each child: separately taken to a room filled with attractive toys

STAGE 3 (TEST FOR DELAYED IMITATION)

• Another room: contained some aggressive and non-aggressive toys
• The child’s behaviour was observed

Question 4

BANDURA’S EXPERIMENT: RESULTS

CONCLUSION: children learn social behavior (aggression) through OL (Watching the behavior of another person)

REINFORCEMENT / PUNISHMENT

• Expect rewards / Positive consequences
• Expect negative consequences (Punishments)

Answer 4

RESULTS

• Learn through imitation
• Identifying a similarity between the child and model was a MOTIVATING factor
• Girls: aggressive réponses (MALE model), verbal responses (FEMALE model)
• Boys: likely to imitate same-sex models than girls
• Boys: imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls