offenders identity seminar Flashcards
identity has strong connection whos sociological work?
goffmans work on ‘spoiled identities’
beckers labelling theory
what is spoiled identities
identity characteristics that are stigmatising
labelling theory
idea of offender as a label or identity that is attributed to those who commit crime
- negative impact on people who have committed a crime
- stigma of the label/ identity is argued to disincentivise people to not re-offend
effects of identity on desistance
- youth crime
desistance captured by the downward exit on the age-crime curve
pro social identity
pro social identity infers a person who moves beyond their offending identity through a turning point in their life
spoiled/ stigmatised/ deviant identity
where a person lets their past deviance completely consume their identity, labelling and stigmatising themselves as the other in society
dissonance
-an action that we do that goes against our identity
-can create feelings of unease so we adjust our identities slightly to overcome this ease
examples of compensation for dissonance in article
-use their offending for the better good = feed children
-use their past offending to help new offenders in the WCS through mentoring
-giving back to society through volunteering, moving past their offender identity as consuming their entire identity
what two models for how offenders effectively rehabilitated in the community?
- risk need responsivity model RNR model
- desistance model
what is the risk need responsivity model ?
-offenders provided with interventions according to their RISK level and criminogenic need and how likely they are to reoffend
-the NEED is to focus on changing thought patterns and attitudes addressed through cognitive behavioural programmes
-notion of RESPONSIVITY suggest interventions responsive to individual offenders learning styles
who is the RNR model usually designed for and why
male offenders
because it does not sufficiently account for differences in characteristics of female offenders
as different factors predict reoffending for men and women
desistance model
model of understanding how offenders can effectively be rehabilitated has focused on how positive changes in one personal identity can be achieved
-strengthening social bonds through establishing stable and supportive relationships, or gaining employment, education etc which help reinforce greater alignment to conventional society
how did the WCS provide innovative opportunity for desistance
-through collective therapeutic environments
-opportunities for volunteering, mentoring and work made available at WCS are key in enabling women to resist the stigmatised offender identity
what is narrative identity theory?
assumes personal narratives are primary mechanism in construction and maintenance of identity and sense of self
what did maruna 2001 argue that in order to accomplish transition from irredeemable identity of offender the ex offender must…
must construct a new PRO SOCIAL identity that contradicts past lifestyle and demonstrate ability to learn and overcome circumstances explaining their past behaviour
