crime type 9 - property crime Flashcards
the majority of crime in society results from what?
the illegal acquisition of property
what percentage of all police recorded crime is property crime?
66%
what different crime types does property crime incorporate?
- domestic and non domestic burglary
- theft from the person
- vehicle related theft
- shoplifting
- handling stolen goods
- fraud
- robbery
-criminal damage
what are the largest offences in police recorded data
fraud
criminal damage
arson
property crime happens mainly at
at night
during the week
in the home, nearby/ on the street
most commonly stolen items?
purse/ wallet/ money/ cards
garden furniture
cash
tools/ work materials
what impact did covid 19 have on property crime ? what did it increase though?
it decreased
theft decreased by 19%
however fraud and computer misuse significantly increased
property crime accounts for what per cent of crime reported by the CSEW?
80%
What patterns in offences are there for burgulary?
the time of day = evening/ overnight mainly 25% each
entry point = 70% through a door
goods stolen = 32% cases had nothing stolen, 58% purses/ wallets/ money
what declines in certain forms of burglary occurred over the years?
cash pre payment metres
distraction thefts
car key burglary
why has burgulary been declining?
improvements to household security
what improvements to household secuirty
- window locks
- light timers and sensors
- double deadlocks
- burglar alarms
different factors contributing to victims of burglary
- areas with high unemployment
- urban areas rather than rural areas
- households with high incivility
- unemployed
- private and social renters rather than owner occupiers
what age group are more likely to be victims?
16-24
what income household is more likely to be victims?
low income £10,000 or less
were levels of victimisation for burglary simialr for men and women
yes
previosu victimisation is
predictive of future burglary victimisation
lifestyle theories
what two mechanisms are at play for repeat victimisation
stable, attractive attributes such as poor surveillance, empty house most of time
victimisation changes the attributes - broken security measures not repaired
nearby repeat buglaries increases
the likelihood of victimisation increases for nearby properties
what emotional impact does property crime have
anger
shock
fear
difficulty sleeping
crying/ tears
depression
anxiety panic attacks
lack of confidence or vulnerable feelings
annoyance
wollinger 2017 said what about victims changing their behaviours after a burgulary IN GERMANY
1,329 victims in 5 german cities:
33% did not change
58% invested in new security equipment
9% moved house
what characteristics does the offender usually have?
young, male , lower income
high reoffending rate
what theoretical explanations are there?
strain
rational choice.
routine activities
what is the target selection of offenders
planners
searchers
opportunists
bernasco and luykx 2003 adopted something like the rational choice theory persepective stating what 3 things contributed to why offenders commit pc?
attractiveness of the value of goods to steal
opportunity to get in and out and not seen
accessebility of the place to steal from, how close to offenders home, familairty with local area
taylor 2018 suggest what about prolific offenders
suggest they develop cognitive scripts based on their experience of prior success that anchors their decision making
importantly this does not involve weighing up pros and cons of each potential target but rather relies on speedy rules of thumb or take the best heurisitic strategieis
how can we put controls in place for situational crime prevention
target hardening - increasing difficulty of commision
increase the risk of detection - formal and informal surveillance
displacement effect
research example - kirkholt burglary prevention project apply situational crime prevention
2280 homes in local community with twice rate of domestic burglary
- target removal - got rid of old coin pre payment fuel metres
- target hardening - improved security, property
- increased surveillance - cocoon neighbourhood watch
what was the result of the kirkholt burglary prevention project
60% reduction in incidents
repeat victimisation to zero
improved public attitudes towards crime inareas
cost savings
taylor 2018 used verbal protocol analysis and semi structured interviews - what is this
verbal protocol analysis is a method for collecting and analysing thought sequences that involve recording particpants verbalisation while they actively engage in a task
- burglars fitted with microphones, taken to burglary hotspot and asked to narrate their thought process for target selection
what is the main advantage of verbal protocol analysis
it allows insight into offenders perspectives
what factors are in taylor 2018 paused model
profitable
accessible
uninterruptible
surveillance
escapable
dishonourable