Offender Treatment (SO's)

Question 1

There are 3 broad sub-types of treatment for offenders. The first broad type of treatment aims to reduce ____. One such programme is called ‘controlling anger and learning to manage it’ (CALM). Other programmes specifically target alcohol-related violence rather than dispositional violence. Another programme is designed especially for people who have committed specifically violent offences and is called ‘Life Minus Violence’.

Answer 1

There are 3 broad sub-types of treatment for offenders. The first broad type of treatment aims to reduce ANGER. One such programme is called ‘controlling anger and learning to manage it’ (CALM). Other programmes specifically target alcohol-related violence rather than dispositional violence. Another programme is designed especially for people who have committed specifically violent offences and is called ‘Life Minus Violence’.

Question 2

The second broad type of treatment programme are ____ skills treatment programme. The idea of these programmes is to deal with the maladaptive problem solving methods which lead the offender to crime. For example, one problem an offender may have had is a lack of money. The maladaptive way in which they may have solved this problem could have been to carry out a mugging or a burglary. The idea of ____ skills treatment programmes is to teach offenders to consider ADAPTIVE problem-solving strategies. Such programmes include the ‘Thinking Skills Programme’ (TSP) and the ‘Reasoning and Rehabilitation Programme’.

Answer 2

The second broad type of treatment programme are COGNITIVE skills treatment programme. The idea of these programmes is to deal with the maladaptive problem solving methods which lead the offender to crime. For example, one problem an offender may have had is a lack of money. The maladaptive way in which they may have solved this problem could have been to carry out a mugging or a burglary. The idea of COGNITIVE skills treatment programmes is to teach offenders to consider ADAPTIVE problem-solving strategies. Such programmes include the ‘Thinking Skills Programme’ (TSP) and the ‘Reasoning and Rehabilitation Programme’.

Question 3

The third broad type of behaviour programme is ‘____ offending behaviour programmes’. These programmes aim to reduce recidivism in ____ types of offenders. For example, the Sexual Offender Treatment Programme (SOTP) is specifically designed to reduce recidivism in sexual offenders, whilst the Fire-setting Intervention Programme for Prisoners (FIPP) and the Fire-setting Intervention Programme for Mentally Disordered Offenders (FIP-MO) specifically target arsonists.

Answer 3

The third broad type of behaviour programme is ‘OTHER offending behaviour programmes’. These programmes aim to reduce recidivism in SPECIFIC types of offenders. For example, the Sexual Offender Treatment Programme (SOTP) is specifically designed to reduce recidivism in sexual offenders, whilst the Fire-setting Intervention Programme for Prisoners (FIPP) and the Fire-setting Intervention Programme for Mentally Disordered Offenders (FIP-MO) specifically target arsonists.

Question 4

What are the 3 broad types of offender treatment programmes?

Answer 4

1. Anger management programmes
2. Cognitive skills programmes
3. Other offending behaviour programmes

Question 5

Are traditional sexual offender treatment programmes based on the GLM?

Answer 5

No.

Question 6

In SO treatment programmes, some offender will receive ____ treatment, in addition to group treatment.

Answer 6

In SO treatment programmes, some offender will receive INDIVIDUAL treatment, in addition to group treatment.

Question 7

Weeks 1-2:

Offenders introduce themselves to one another and generate positive information about themselves and one another. Additionally, group members set ____ for the sessions such as confidentiality.

Answer 7

Weeks 1-2:

Offenders introduce themselves to one another and generate positive information about themselves and one another. Additionally, group members set RULES for the sessions such as confidentiality.

Question 8

In week 3, offenders are reduced to which model?

Answer 8

GLM. Offenders are asked to rate the extent to which they experience each facet of the good life, out of 10. The therapist will explain that unless the wheel is rounded, the day-to-day life ride will be a bumpy one!

Question 9

During weeks 3-__, there is a focus on the GLM.

Answer 9

During weeks 3-9, there is a focus on the GLM.

Question 10

During week 4, each offender will present their ___ ____ plan, including their ____ goals, to the group.

Answer 10

During week 4, each offender will present their GOOD LIVES plan, including their FUTURE goals, to the group.

Question 11

During week 5, group members look at their GL at the time of their ____ ____ offence and link their offence to _____ risk factors.

Answer 11

During week 5, group members look at their GL at the time of their MOST RECENT offence and link their offence to DYNAMIC risk factors.

Question 12

During weeks 6-9, offenders continue to draw on the GLM to link dynamic risk factors to their offence. If the offender insists they are innocent, they are asked to look at the dynamic risk factors which occurred around the time that the ____ offence took place.

Answer 12

During weeks 6-9, offenders continue to draw on the GLM to link dynamic risk factors to their offence. If the offender insists they are innocent, they are asked to look at the dynamic risk factors which occurred around the time that the ALLEGED offence took place.

Question 13

During weeks 22-28, there are 3 main stages:

1. Group members are taught traditional relapse ____ techniques
2. Group members present their GL wheel, along with a presentation of their future _____
3. Each group member’s goals are _____ by other group members: are the goals realistic? Are the goals likely to reduce the risk of recidivism?

Answer 13

During weeks 22-28, there are 3 main stages:

1. Group members are taught traditional relapse PREVENTION techniques
2. Group members present their GL wheel, along with a presentation of their future GOALS
3. Each group member’s goals are EVALUATED by other group members: are the goals realistic? Are the goals likely to reduce the risk of recidivism?

Question 14

The dynamic risk factor most strongly linked to sexual offending is emotional ___-____ (d. .38).

Answer 14

The dynamic risk factor most strongly linked to sexual offending is emotional self-management (d. .38).

That is, men who manage their emotions poorly are particularly vulnerable to committing a sexual offence.

Question 15

The second strongest risk factor for sexual offending is inappropriate sexual arousal (d ?).

Answer 15

The second strongest risk factor for sexual offending is inappropriate sexual arousal (d. .30).

Question 16

Offence supportive cognition is a ___ risk factor linked to sexual offencing (d. .16) e.g. ‘women are horrid and we should make sure we get one over them’. Additionally, intimacy/social functioning deficits is also a ____ risk factor associated with sexual offending (6. .15).

Answer 16

Offence supportive cognition is a DYNAMIC risk factor linked to sexual offencing (d. .16). Additionally, intimacy/social functioning deficits is also a DYNAMIC risk factor associated with sexual offending (6. .15).

Question 17

Evidence demonstrates that sexual offenders with ____ health problems share similar risk factors as sexual offenders without ___ health problems.

Answer 17

Evidence demonstrates that sexual offenders with MENTAL health problems share similar risk factors as sexual offenders without MENTAL health problems.

Question 18

List 3 ways in which we can treat inappropriate sexual arousal.

Answer 18

1. Ammonia aversion
2. Covert sensitisation
3. Masturbation conditioning

Question 19

What is amonia aversion?

Answer 19

Each time an individual feels inappropriate sexual arousal, they must sniff ammonia. This in turn means that eventually, the thoughts become paired with the feelings of disgust/aversion towards the ammonia, eradicating the link between the inappropriate thought (e.g. ‘children are sexual’) and the sexual arousal.

Question 20

What is covert sensitisation?

Answer 20

Covert sensitisation is where an individual must write on a cue card exactly what kind of situation might bring on inappropriate sexual arousal (e.g. ‘I see a woman wearing a skirt and I think about how nice it would be to chuck tea on her crotch’ or ‘a child comes and sits on my knee’).

Then, the offender must write down five bad things which could occur as a result of engaging in this fantasy in real life e.g:

1: I am stood in court and I feel humiliated
2. I am walking down the street being bombarded by the media and feel ashamed
3. I am sat in a cell feeling hopeless and like a failure
4. I am in prison feeling unbearably mad at myself
5. I see myself on the news and just want to break down with guilt and shame

The offender must then read out the fantasy, paired with consequence 1, then offender must read the fantasy again, paired with consequence 2. Then the same process for consequence 3, and so on.

Lastly, the offender can read an ‘escape scene’ cue card which describes a positive and appropriate scene where they don’t offend (e.g. ‘despite seeing a woman wearing a skirt, I did not chuck tea on her. I rewarded myself by watching the football in the afternoon’).

Question 21

What is masturbating reconditioning?

Answer 21

Masturbating reconditioning is where offenders are conditioned to masturbate to appropriate thoughts/images rather than inappropriate ones.

Question 22

SO treatment programmes try to teach which emotional self-management strategy?

Emotion-focused
Problem-focused
Avoidance

Answer 22

SO treatment programmes try to teach problem-focused self-management strategies.