Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MFDS > Odontogenic infections > Flashcards

Odontogenic infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is an odontogenic infection?

A

An infection that arises either from dental caries or periodontal infections that can extend beyond the alveolar bone to involve the fascial spaces around the face and oral cavity.
Can be localised or diffuse in nature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does an odontogenic infection spread?

A
  • spreads along the path of least resistance.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When would you refer an odontogenic infection?

A
  • sepsis signs
  • spreading cellulitis
  • swelling compromising airway, difficulty swallowing and closure of eye
  • dehydration
  • significant trismus
  • failure to resolve to previous treatments
  • uncooperative patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are antibiotics given?

A

In signs of spreading infection, systemic symptoms or in the immunocompromised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 types of dental abscesses?

A

Periapical
Gingival
Periodontal
Pericoronal/pericoronitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why would a periapical abscess form?

A

Develops by extension of initial carious lesion into dentine and spread of bacteria into pulp causing acute or chronic inflammatory response and abscess formation.
Can also be caused by trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Phoenix abscess?

A

It is a chronic periapical infection that is exasperated into an acute phase abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the symptoms of a periapical abscess?

A

Pain, TTP, swelling, discomfort on swallowing, limited mouth opening, non vital tooth with loss of lamina dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for a periapical abscess?

A 
Drainage of abscess through the tooth:
- pulp extripation 
Drainage through incision of abscess 
Extraction 
Analgesia and prescribe antibiotics if drainage is not sufficient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where would a gingival abscess form?

A

Forms in the space between the gum and tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why would a periodontal abscess form?

A

It forms due to an active period of periodontal breakdown which occurs whilst there is marginal closure of the deep periodontal pocket occluding drainage.
They develop in deep perio pockets and common in patients with untreated perio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms of periodontal abscesses?

A 
Pain and tenderness of gingivae 
TTP, vital tooth, bone loss 
Most likely unrestored tooth 
Increased tooth mobility 
Swelling +/- suppuration of gingivae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment of periodontal abscesses?

A

Arrange appropriate periodontal hygiene treatment
Establish drainage - scaling and irrigate periodontal pocket
CHX MW may be useful for keeping clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pericoronitis?

A

It is an infection under the operculum of a partially erupted tooth where there is communication between the oral cavity and erupting tooth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signs of pericoronitis?

A 
Pain
Swelling around gingivae can cause facial swelling 
Discomfort with swallowing 
Limited mouth opening 
Unpleasant taste or odour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment of pericoronitis?

A

Analgesia, irrigate under the operculum with OHI
Obtain drainage if possible
Refer for emergency care if severe
XLA if repeated pericoronitis episodes
Antibiotics if systemic symptoms, immunocompromised
(metronidazole 400mg 3x daily for 3 days)

17
Q

What 6 conditions ca spreading infection lead to?

A
  • facial cellulitis
  • osteomyelitis
  • Ludwig’ s angina
  • necrotising fasciitis
  • cavernous sinus thrombosis
  • Cancrum oris/Nora
18
Q

What would be the pattern of spread of infection of maxillary molars/premolars?

A

Buccal space
Oral cavity
Maxillary sinus

19
Q

What would be the pattern of spread of infection of maxillary canines?

A

Canine fossa: nasolabial fold, lower eyelid to buccal space

20
Q

What would be the pattern of spread of infection of maxillary lateral incisors?

A

Palate and labially

21
Q

What would be the pattern of spread of infection of mandibular 3rd molars?

A

Submasseteric space
Submandibular space via lingual plate
Pterygomandibular space
Lateral pharyngeal space and down neck

22
Q

What would be the pattern of spread of infection if mandibular 2nd molars?

A

Lingual spread can lead to severe sublingual, submandibular, pterygomandibular and spreading neck infections

23
Q

Sublingual space:

- describe the location of the space and symptoms if it was involved in spread of infection?

A
  • bounded by mucosa of floor of mouth and mylohyoid muscle inferiorly
  • swollen, red, little/no EO swelling, elevation of tongue causing dysarthria, dysphagia and dyspnoea.
24
Q

Submandibular space:

describe the location of the space and symptoms if it was involved in spread of infection?

A
  • lies between mylohyoid muscle, superficial fascia, platysma, skin containing submandibular glands and lymph nodes
  • painful, red swelling immediately below lower border of mandible with involvement of MoM resulting in trismus
25
Q

Submental spaces:

describe the location of the space and symptoms if it was involved in spread of infection?

A
  • lies between the mylohyoid muscles and the skin, beneath the chin, containing submental lymph nodes
  • swelling and erythema of the chin
26
Q

Submasseteric space:

describe the location of the space and symptoms if it was involved in spread of infection?

A
  • bounded by lateral border of mandible and medial aspect of masseter
  • pain and swelling over angle of mandible plus trismus
27
Q

Parapharyngeal space;

describe the location of the space and symptoms if it was involved in spread of infection?

A
  • extends from base of skull to level of hyoid bone containing internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, cranial nerves IX to XII and sympathetic chain.
  • oropharynx reveals deviation of uvula to opposite side, displaced tonsil and lateral pharyngeal surface. May have trismus and swelling of lateral neck.
  • involvement of veins and arteries can cause thrombosis, Horner syndrome and meningitis
28
Q

Retropharyngeal space:

describe the location of the space and symptoms if it was involved in spread of infection?

A
  • space lies behind the pharynx and oesophagus and between skull base and mediastinum
  • pt will be unwell and complain of severe sore throat with dysphagia and limitation of neck movement
29
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina?

A

It is a bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular and sublingual spaces, most often arising from a lower molar tooth

30
Q

What are the signs of Ludwig’s angina?

A

A firm swelling of the FOM and resultant elevation of the tongue.
Submandibular and sublingual spaces become tense and tender.
Trismus, dysphagia, respiratory problems, drooling and elevated tongue

31
Q

What is the management of Ludwig’s angina?

A
  • check temp, pulse and RR
  • take X-rays
  • immediate referral to OMFS for antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage under GA +/- additional airway support
32
Q

What is sepsis?

A

It is a life threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection trigger by any infection but most commonly a response to bacteria in the pulmonary, urinary, abdomen or skin.

33
Q

What are the sepsis red flags?

A 
Systolic BP <90mmHg
Lactate >2mmol/l
Heart rate >130/min 
Respiratory rate >25/min 
Oxygen sats <91%
Purpuric/non blanching/mottled rash 
Not passed urine in last 18hrs
34
Q

What is the sepsis 6?

A
  • administer high flow oxygen to maintain target oxygen saturation greater than 94%
  • give IV fluid resuscitation
  • give IV antibiotics
  • take blood cultures
  • check lactate levels
  • measure urine output
35
Q

What antibiotic is used for pericoronitis and ANUG?

A

Metronidazole 400mg 3x daily for 3 days

- not for Pt on warfarin, statins or alcoholics

36
Q

What antibiotics have a greater risk c.diff as a side effect?

A

Clindamycin

Co-amoxiclav

37
Q

What is the bacterial aetiology of a periapical lesion?

A

Intradicular infection of anaerobic bacteria

38
Q

How would a fistula best described?

A

An epithelial lined tract connecting 2 epithelial lined cavities.

MFDS (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions