OCT 19 Flashcards
Rituals
-a religious or solemn c________y consisting of a series of
actions performed according to a prescribed order
-wedding pageantry; somber dress/music at funeral
-identify the sacred in society
Rituals
-a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of
actions performed according to a prescribed order
-wedding pageantry; somber dress/music at funeral
-identify the sacred in society
Rituals
-involve s_______-m
-involve p_________e practices
-mediate between individual experience and social
structure
Rituals
-involve symbolism
-involve predictable practices
-mediate between individual experience and social
structure
Rites of Passage
-ceremonies involving rituals that mark life
transitions — such as birth, m_________e, marriage
and death
-often involve the shedding of one r__e and
preparation for new r__s
Rites of Passage
-ceremonies involving rituals that mark life
transitions — such as birth, menarche, marriage
and death
-often involve the shedding of one role and
preparation for new roles
Rights of Separation
-1970s marked a move toward more individualized,
personalized f_________s
some ask for no funeral upon their death;
‘celebration of l__e’ becoming more popular
-represents for the widow or widower, a transformation of the self to a new social status
-contemporary society encourages the living partner to
move on; no longer married
Rights of Separation
-1970s marked a move toward more individualized,
personalized funerals
some ask for no funeral upon their death;
‘celebration of life’ becoming more popular
-represents for the widow or widower, a transformation of the self to a new social status
-contemporary society encourages the living partner to
move on; no longer married
Death Rituals: The-Funeral
- funeral ritual historically controlled by family and c_____h
- church charged with the ‘ritual of the soul’
Death Rituals: The-Funeral
- funeral ritual historically controlled by family and church
- church charged with the ‘ritual of the soul’
Death Rituals: The-Funeral
-family would prepare body (washing, dressing), set up
p_______r (drawn curtains, crepe badge on door), and
accepted mourners into their home
-mourners attended to support the family; an act of social cohesion
Death Rituals: The-Funeral
-family would prepare body (washing, dressing), set up
parlour (drawn curtains, crepe badge on door), and
accepted mourners into their home
-mourners attended to support the family; an act of social cohesion
Death Rituals: The Funeral—
continued
-decreased faith in Christian religion beginning in 1_th
century-displaced c______h in death ritual
-V___________n Romanticization of Death
-focused on loss of r_________p
-allowed for personal experience
Death Rituals: The Funeral—
continued
-decreased faith in Christian religion beginning in 19th
century-displaced church in death ritual
-Victorian Romanticization of Death
-focused on loss of relationship
-allowed for personal experience
Death Rituals: The Funeral—
continued
- 20th century-death experience more painful and alienating
- loss of r_________s interpretation; script
- less death experienced (longer life expectancies)
- less c______y focus on helping family; no script
Death Rituals: The Funeral—
continued
- 20th century-death experience more painful and alienating
- loss of religious interpretation; script
- less death experienced (longer life expectancies)
- less community focus on helping family; no script
Death Rituals’ The Funeral—
continued
-19_0s-beginning of funeral industry
funeralization and professionalization of death ritual
Funeral directors now do work previously done by family
-move from coffin to c______t
-dressing, adorning body
Death Rituals’ The Funeral—
continued
-1920s-beginning of funeral industry
funeralization and professionalization of death ritual
Funeral directors now do work previously done by family
-move from coffin to casket
-dressing, adorning body
Death Rituals’ The Funeral—
continued
- emb______g of body
- resulted in more d____h to loss experienace
- funeralization — facilitation of fashionable ritual
- the commercialization of death
Death Rituals’ The Funeral—
continued
- embalming of body
- resulted in more depth to loss experienace
- funeralization — facilitation of fashionable ritual
- the commercialization of death
Mourning Ritual
—19__: 6-12 weeks mourning period
- not expected to participate in s______y
- attended to by family and friends
Mourning Ritual
—1900: 6-12 weeks mourning period
- not expected to participate in society
- attended to by family and friends
Mourning Ritual
—19_0: move to more private mourning and for shorter period
Criticisms of change: for leaving mourner alone Durkheim: a\_\_\_\_e Support for change: some mourners want to get on with life spares others sense of awkwardness and discomfort
Mourning Ritual
—1950: move to more private mourning and for shorter period
Criticisms of change: for leaving mourner alone Durkheim: anomie Support for change: some mourners want to get on with life spares others sense of awkwardness and discomfort
Mourning Rituals-co
Grief is more ‘psychologized’ today
Kubler-Ross: grief as process, with stages to be worked through 1. D\_\_\_\_\_l 2. A\_\_\_\_r 3. Bargaining (guilt)
Mourning Rituals-co
Grief is more ‘psychologized’ today
Kubler-Ross: grief as process, with stages to be worked through
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining (guilt)
Mourning Rituals-co
Grief is more ‘psychologized’ today
Kubler-Ross: grief as process, with stages to be worked through
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. B________g (guilt)
4. D________n
5. A_________e
While family and friends not as involved as previously,
community ‘grief groups’ provide social support
Mourning Rituals-co
Grief is more ‘psychologized’ today
Kubler-Ross: grief as process, with stages to be worked through
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining (guilt)
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
While family and friends not as involved as previously,
community ‘grief groups’ provide social support
Rites of Passage:
- bridal showers
- bachelor/bachelorette parties
- weddings
- honeymoons
Rites of Passage:
- bridal showers
- bachelor/bachelorette parties
- weddings
- honeymoons
Bridal Shower
-origins traced to H______d, 16th century
-only women in attendance; no male equivalent ceremony
-purpose is to provide the bride with items she will need in her new
status as a wife
- gifts reflect traditional gender role of woman
e.g., cooking and cleaning items
-ritual order and ritual expectations
e.g., maid of honour as host; invitees expected to
attend and bring gift
-attendance signifies social solidarity and support for brides new
status
Bridal Shower
-origins traced to H______d, 16th century
-only women in attendance; no male equivalent ceremony
-purpose is to provide the bride with items she will need in her new
status as a wife
- gifts reflect traditional gender role of woman
e.g., cooking and cleaning items
-ritual order and ritual expectations
e.g., maid of honour as host; invitees expected to
attend and bring gift
-attendance signifies social solidarity and support for brides new
status
Bachelor Party
- all male gathering held for the groom by his p____s
- celebration of ‘last night as a free man’
- heavy drinking usually taking place at a bar
- sexual pranks/innuendos
- strippers are common feature
- groom expected to be a ‘good sport’ when humiliated
Bachelor Party
- all male gathering held for the groom by his peers
- celebration of ‘last night as a free man’
- heavy drinking usually taking place at a bar
- sexual pranks/innuendos
- strippers are common feature
- groom expected to be a ‘good sport’ when humiliated
Bachelorette-Party
-‘hen party’ origin traced to 19th century
Tye & Powers (1998): Bachelorette Party in Atlantic Canada
-a___________n of male model
e.g., from bridal shower to ‘bachelorette’ party
-trivialization
-disguises more serious message
-e.g., challenges women’s s____________n
-use of humour
e.g., by mirroring p___________l images of themselves
as sexual objects and resisting hegemonic control
of their lives
Bachelorette-Party
-‘hen party’ origin traced to 19th century
Tye & Powers (1998): Bachelorette Party in Atlantic Canada
-appropriation of male model
e.g., from bridal shower to ‘bachelorette’ party
-trivialization
-disguises more serious message
-e.g., challenges women’s subordination
-use of humour
e.g., by mirroring patriarchal images of themselves
as sexual objects and resisting hegemonic control
of their lives
Bachelorette Party conted
Party symbols:
-decorated shirt with attached ‘buck —a-suck’ candies
-heavy drinking at home and then bar
-gift giving, where gifts were of s_______l nature
e.g., assorted colored and flavoured c______s;
wind-up penis
-‘craziness’; re: drinking and dancing with strangers
-‘compulsory heterosexuality’
e.g., Pin the Macho on the Man game
Bachelorette Party conted
Party symbols:
-decorated shirt with attached ‘buck —a-suck’ candies
-heavy drinking at home and then bar
-gift giving, where gifts were of sexual nature
e.g., assorted colored and flavoured condoms;
wind-up penis
-‘craziness’; re: drinking and dancing with strangers
-‘compulsory heterosexuality’
e.g., Pin the Macho on the Man game
Weddings in-the-Past
-white wedding dress, garland = symbol of v_________y
-giving away of the bride = reflects father’s o__________p
-carrying the bride over the threshold=reflects husband’s
ownership
-C_______i-stealing of the bride away from the groom after
marriage and tying of tin cans to bumper of care =
preparing couple for the unexpected and scaring off the
devil
Weddings in-the-Past
-white wedding dress, garland = symbol of virginity
-giving away of the bride = reflects father’s ownership
-carrying the bride over the threshold=reflects husband’s
ownership
-Charivari-stealing of the bride away from the groom after
marriage and tying of tin cans to bumper of care =
preparing couple for the unexpected and scaring off the
devil
Evolution of Weddings
-more i____________d; more creative
e.g., vows that each partner writes
-association with romantic love and consumer culture
e.g., Prince William and Kate Middleton
-wedding ring originally worn by men as symbol of t____t and power ring became associated with obedience
*men gave ring to women to symbolize his love and
financial stability
-5 men wore ring as sign of maturity
-this evolving practice was heavily influenced by
industry and marketing
Evolution of Weddings
-more individualized; more creative
e.g., vows that each partner writes
-association with romantic love and consumer culture
e.g., Prince William and Kate Middleton
-wedding ring originally worn by men as symbol of trust and power ring became associated with obedience
*men gave ring to women to symbolize his love and
financial stability
-5 men wore ring as sign of maturity
-this evolving practice was heavily influenced by
industry and marketing
21st century Weddings
- much more commercialized and professionalized than in the past
- e.g., wedding planners
- average spend on wedding in 2011 in Canada: —$ 24,000
- selling of the dream, fairytale wedding
- bride becomes ‘fantasy object’
- destination weddings
- desire to do things differently; now very common
21st century Weddings
- much more commercialized and professionalized than in the past
- e.g., wedding planners
- average spend on wedding in 2011 in Canada: —$ 24,000
- selling of the dream, fairytale wedding
- bride becomes ‘fantasy object’
- destination weddings
- desire to do things differently; now very common
Wedding Traditions
-incorporation of one’s heritage, ethnic symbols and forms of cultural expression changes through g__________s (H____n’s Law) e.g., 1st generation keeps folkloric traditions; 2nd dismisses them; 3rd revisits and revives
Wedding Traditions
-incorporation of one’s heritage, ethnic symbols and forms of cultural expression changes through generations (Hansen’s Law) e.g., 1st generation keeps folkloric traditions; 2nd dismisses them; 3rd revisits and revives
Wedding Traditions
Kukharenko (2008) studied weddings among Ukrainians in Canada and in the Ukraine In Canada, ritual wedding acts and sacred artifacts perform an
‘o________l function’ for Ukrainian identity but without a
belief in their associated magical qualities
e.g., Korovai (special ritual bread): no longer believed that any defects foretell of marital problems or that only a ‘happily married woman’ should bake the bread to protect against unhappiness in couple
Wedding Traditions
Kukharenko (2008) studied weddings among Ukrainians in Canada and in the Ukraine In Canada, ritual wedding acts and sacred artifacts perform an
‘ornamental function’ for Ukrainian identity but without a
belief in their associated magical qualities
e.g., Korovai (special ritual bread): no longer believed that any defects
foretell of marital problems or that only a ‘happily married woman’
should bake the bread to protect against unhappiness in couple
Honeymoons
-historically, family and friends accompanied the couple
-cultural script of contemporary honeymoons:
get-away,
tropical,
beaches,
sexual passion
Honeymoons
-historically, family and friends accompanied the couple
-cultural script of contemporary honeymoons:
get-away,
tropical,
beaches,
sexual passion
