OCT 12 Flashcards
Canadians Living-Longer
Life expectancy Canada: —82 (2013)
Men: —80
Women: —84
Canadians refer to ‘old-age’ as beginning at 6_
-6_ is associated with age of eligibility for Old Age Security payments and pensions
Canadians Living-Longer
Life expectancy Canada: —82 (2013)
Men: —80
Women: —84
Canadians refer to ‘old-age’ as beginning at 65
-65 is associated with age of eligibility for Old Age Security payments and pensions
Canadians Living-Longer
As we are living longer, and mandatory retirement has ended, eligibility is expected to increase to _0
-however, younger generation may have shorter
lifespan than their parents
Baby Boomers (born 1947-1965) are now entering ‘old age’
- referred to as ‘g__y tsunami’
- 2010: —15% of Canadians 265; 2030: —25%
Canadians Living-Longer
As we are living longer, and mandatory retirement has ended, eligibility is expected to increase to 70
-however, younger generation may have shorter
lifespan than their parents
Baby Boomers (born 1947-1965) are now entering ‘old age’
- referred to as ‘grey tsunami’
- 2010: —15% of Canadians 265; 2030: —25%
The Experience-of-Russia
In the early 1990s, after the collapse of the former Soviet
Union, the average life expectancy in Russia dropped to 58
-e_______________y destructive practices
-diseases: heart disease, T B, Hep-B, HIV/AIDS
-social problems: poverty, alcohol and drug abuse
The rapid life-expectancy decline illustrates how quickly
trends can change
The Experience-of-Russia
In the early 1990s, after the collapse of the former Soviet
Union, the average life expectancy in Russia dropped to 58
-environmentally destructive practices
-diseases: heart disease, T B, Hep-B, HIV/AIDS
-social problems: poverty, alcohol and drug abuse
The rapid life-expectancy decline illustrates how quickly
trends can change
How Canadian Seniors Live
‘Seniors’ = those aged 65 and older
92% of seniors live in private households
—57% with a partner and/or children
—25% live alone
—11% other arrangements (e.g., living with relatives)
—8% lived in collectives (e.g., nursing homes)
Elderly ____n twice as likely as elderly ____n to live alone or within a collective
How Canadian Seniors Live
‘Seniors’ = those aged 65 and older
92% of seniors live in private households
—57% with a partner and/or children
—25% live alone
—11% other arrangements (e.g., living with relatives)
—8% lived in collectives (e.g., nursing homes)
Elderly women twice as likely as elderly men to live alone or within a collective
How Canadian Seniors Live
Characteristics of Canadian families:
Vertical extension: living with more g__________s alive
horizontal shrinkage: living with fewer s________s
How Canadian Seniors Live
Characteristics of Canadian families:
Vertical extension: living with more generations alive
horizontal shrinkage: living with fewer siblings
A Profile of Canadian-Seniors
More women than men
28% are i____________s
Only 1.4% are Indigenous Canadians owing to shorter life expectancy
A Profile of Canadian-Seniors
More women than men
28% are immigrants
Only 1.4% are Indigenous Canadians owing to shorter life expectancy
A Profile of Canadian-Seniors
Average age of retirement is 61
-lowering of minimum age to draw benefits
- most retire voluntarily
-some involuntarily
corporate downsizing, layoffs, early retirement, ill-health
-inability to find a job most common reason given
A Profile of Canadian-Seniors
Average age of retirement is 61
-lowering of minimum age to draw benefits
- most retire voluntarily
-some involuntarily
corporate downsizing, layoffs, early retirement, ill-health
-inability to find a job most common reason given
A Profile of Canadian-Seniors
Less living in _______y compared to years ago
more women than men live in ________y however
90% of Canadians report that they are just as happy or happier after
retirement
A Profile of Canadian-Seniors
Less living in poverty compared to years ago
more women than men live in poverty however
90% of Canadians report that they are just as happy or happier after
retirement
A Profile of Canadian Seniors
continued
2003 study found that _0% of Canadian seniors lacked
literacy skills sufficient to cope in our complex society
but, baby boomers more educated than older seniors
Seniors more likely to participate in ___________
organizations than younger people
1/3 of seniors volunteer their time to c_______s
Older Canadians more likely to v__e at all levels of
government
A Profile of Canadian Seniors
continued
2003 study found that 80% of Canadian seniors lacked
literacy skills sufficient to cope in our complex society
but, baby boomers more educated than older seniors
Seniors more likely to participate in religious
organizations than younger people
1/3 of seniors volunteer their time to charities
Older Canadians more likely to vote at all levels of
government
Leisure and Canadian-Seniors
Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure
- P_______e
- watching TV, listening to radio, going for drive - C_________e
- reading, playing cards, computer, education
Leisure and Canadian-Seniors
Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure
- Passive
- watching TV, listening to radio, going for drive - Cognitive
- reading, playing cards, computer, education
Leisure and Canadian-Seniors
Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure
- S______l
- time with friends, talking on phone - P______l
-physical activity
-older adults spend more time on these activities than when they
were younger
-older men more apt to engage in active leisure types
(cognitive, social and physical)
Leisure and Canadian-Seniors
Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure
- Social
- time with friends, talking on phone - Physical
-physical activity
-older adults spend more time on these activities than when they
were younger
-older men more apt to engage in active leisure types
(cognitive, social and physical)
Families: Alive-and-WeIl
89% of older Canadians reported feeling close to a relative
Flow of interaction and assistance between generations is __directional and reciprocal
Families: Alive-and-WeIl
89% of older Canadians reported feeling close to a relative
Flow of interaction and assistance between generations is bidirectional and reciprocal
Families: Alive-and-WeIl
-older generation gives more to their children than their
children give to them until older parent’s health fails
Grandparents play important role in grandchildren’s lives:
-babysit, transmit family history, traditions, values
and provide a _____ model
-many provincial laws give access rights to grandparents
-0.5% of children in Canada live in skip-generation
households
Families: Alive-and-WeIl
-older generation gives more to their children than their
children give to them until older parent’s health fails
Grandparents play important role in grandchildren’s lives:
-babysit, transmit family history, traditions, values
and provide a role model
-many provincial laws give access rights to grandparents
-0.5% of children in Canada live in skip-generation
households
Health in Old Age
A________c demography
-idea that the aging population will have catastrophic
consequences tor society
Average Canadian senior has 2-3 chronic conditions
women are sicker, men die quicker
7-8% of Canadian seniors have dementia (1994 study)
-35% of those aged 85 or older
-more women than men
Health in Old Age
Apocalyptic demography
-idea that the aging population will have catastrophic
consequences tor society
Average Canadian senior has 2-3 chronic conditions
women are sicker, men die quicker
7-8% of Canadian seniors have dementia (1994 study)
-35% of those aged 85 or older
-more women than men
Health in Old Age
Depression decreases as we age, but 2010 show 4_% of those living in nursing homes have significant depressive symptoms
Diabetes, asthma, migraine headaches have increased since 19_0s; Cardiovascular disease, arthritis/rheumatism, hypertension, bronchitis /emphysema have declined
Health in Old Age
Depression decreases as we age, but 2010 show 44% of those living in nursing homes have significant depressive symptoms
Diabetes, asthma, migraine headaches have increased since 1970s; Cardiovascular disease, arthritis/rheumatism, hypertension, bronchitis /emphysema have declined
Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective
17th Century
-individuals continued with occupation into old age
-f_____y expected to provide care for ill
Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective
17th Centur
-individuals continued with occupation into old age
-family expected to provide care for ill
Caring for the Elderly:
18th Century Lower Canada
-_______h-run hospitals began to develop to address the
‘idleness of poor beggars’ — e.g., Montreal
-resembled the English-style workhouse (i.e.
poorhouse) in so far as poor, mentally ill, disabled,
elderly all housed together and pauper nurses did
most of the care
Caring for the Elderly:
18th Century Lower Canada
-church-run hospitals began to develop to address the
‘idleness of poor beggars’ — e.g., Montreal
-resembled the English-style workhouse (i.e.
poorhouse) in so far as poor, mentally ill, disabled,
elderly all housed together and pauper nurses did
most of the care
Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued
18th Century Upper Canada
-municipal councils provided relief for d________e
-emphasis on self-r________e reduced sympathy
-“auctioning” practice in place for those well enough
-resistance to build workhouse: ‘an unnecessary expense’;
destitute often jailed
Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued
18th Century Upper Canada
-municipal councils provided relief for destitute
-emphasis on self-reliance reduced sympathy
-“auctioning” practice in place for those well enough
-resistance to build workhouse: ‘an unnecessary expense’;
destitute often jailed
Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued
19 th Centur
-increased need in especially u____n areas
-charitable organizations developed for both ‘outdoor
relief’ and institutional care
-only in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia legislated Poor
Law which required that municipalities care for indigents
Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued
19 th Centur
-increased need in especially urban areas
-charitable organizations developed for both ‘outdoor
relief’ and institutional care
-only in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia legislated Poor
Law which required that municipalities care for indigents
Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued
Long term care facilities for the elderly slow to develop in 1__0s
Municipalities, churches and community groups had varying degrees of involvement and oversight; C_________e Groups incentivized to build and provide facilities
Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued
Long term care facilities for the elderly slow to develop in 1900s
Municipalities, churches and community groups had varying degrees of involvement and oversight; Charitable Groups incentivized to build and provide facilities
Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued
19__ Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act passed; provinces now required to provide inpatient services including chronic and c__________t care
Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued
1957 Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act passed; provinces now required to provide inpatient services including chronic and convalescent care
Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued
Beginning in 19_0s:
- increased government financial support
- clients/families choose facility and facilities are classified based on n__d/services provided
- standards of care and inspection for all facilities
- clients not expected to work; art, music and other programs encouraged
Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued
Beginning in 19_0s:
- increased government financial support
- clients/families choose facility and facilities are classified based on need/services provided
- standards of care and inspection for all facilities
- clients not expected to work; art, music and other programs encouraged
Families. The Mainstay-of Care
Government prefers that f_____ly does caregiving and families
prefer to do the caregiving
however, families need support in this role
Federal Government Programs:
mostly around __x/i_____e measures
Families. The Mainstay-of Care
Government prefers that family does caregiving and families
prefer to do the caregiving
however, families need support in this role
Federal Government Programs:
mostly around tax/income measures
Families. The Mainstay-of Care
Provincial Government Programs: r______e care
- sitter attendant services
- adult daycare
- short term respite
Voluntary/Non-profit services
-often not coordinated
Families. The Mainstay-of Care
Provincial Government Programs: respite care
- sitter attendant services
- adult daycare
- short term respite
Voluntary/Non-profit services
-often not coordinated
Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued
Informal Care provided by family/friends may be i\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_l or emotional major form of care in old age mostly wives; daughters mostly care for mother
Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued
Informal Care provided by family/friends may be instrumental or emotional major form of care in old age mostly wives; daughters mostly care for mother
Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued
L__g-term Home Support
housework, shopping, meal preparation, personal care
F_____l Care
paid generally does not include major emotional work
Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued
Long-term Home Support
housework, shopping, meal preparation, personal care
Formal Care
paid generally does not include major emotional work
Families. The Mainstay-ofCare
continued
Caregiver stress and burden may result in
depression, guilt, worry, anxiety, loneliness, isolation
S_______h generation -adult children raising their own
children, caring for elderly parents while also employed
S_____l caregiving refers to situation where adult cares for
their own children and after they’ve left home they care for parent or spouse
Families. The Mainstay-ofCare
continued
Caregiver stress and burden may result in
depression, guilt, worry, anxiety, loneliness, isolation
Sandwich generation -adult children raising their own
children, caring for elderly parents while also employed
Serial caregiving refers to situation where adult cares for
their own children and after they’ve left home they care for parent or spouse
Elder Abuse
DeK_______y (1996) refers to seniors as ‘hidden victims’
-many are isolated
-many are immobile or have reduced physical or
mental capacity
-they may be dependent upon their abusers
-disbelief, shame, fear
-co-dependency
-% of Canadian seniors 65+ report abuse
-considered an underestimate
-recently, considerable attention on abuse in old-age
institutions
Elder Abuse
DeKeseredy (1996) refers to seniors as ‘hidden victims’
-many are isolated
-many are immobile or have reduced physical or
mental capacity
-they may be dependent upon their abusers
-disbelief, shame, fear
-co-dependency
4-7% of Canadian seniors 65+ report abuse
-considered an underestimate
-recently, considerable attention on abuse in old-age
institutions
