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SOC 271 > OCT 12 > Flashcards

OCT 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Canadians Living-Longer

Life expectancy Canada: —82 (2013)
Men: —80
Women: —84

Canadians refer to ‘old-age’ as beginning at 6_
-6_ is associated with age of eligibility for Old Age Security payments and pensions

A

Canadians Living-Longer

Life expectancy Canada: —82 (2013)
Men: —80
Women: —84

Canadians refer to ‘old-age’ as beginning at 65
-65 is associated with age of eligibility for Old Age Security payments and pensions

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2
Q

Canadians Living-Longer

As we are living longer, and mandatory retirement has ended, eligibility is expected to increase to _0
-however, younger generation may have shorter
lifespan than their parents

Baby Boomers (born 1947-1965) are now entering ‘old age’

  • referred to as ‘g__y tsunami’
  • 2010: —15% of Canadians 265; 2030: —25%
A

Canadians Living-Longer

As we are living longer, and mandatory retirement has ended, eligibility is expected to increase to 70
-however, younger generation may have shorter
lifespan than their parents

Baby Boomers (born 1947-1965) are now entering ‘old age’

  • referred to as ‘grey tsunami’
  • 2010: —15% of Canadians 265; 2030: —25%
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3
Q

The Experience-of-Russia

In the early 1990s, after the collapse of the former Soviet
Union, the average life expectancy in Russia dropped to 58

-e_______________y destructive practices
-diseases: heart disease, T B, Hep-B, HIV/AIDS
-social problems: poverty, alcohol and drug abuse
The rapid life-expectancy decline illustrates how quickly
trends can change

A

The Experience-of-Russia

In the early 1990s, after the collapse of the former Soviet
Union, the average life expectancy in Russia dropped to 58

-environmentally destructive practices
-diseases: heart disease, T B, Hep-B, HIV/AIDS
-social problems: poverty, alcohol and drug abuse
The rapid life-expectancy decline illustrates how quickly
trends can change

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4
Q

How Canadian Seniors Live

‘Seniors’ = those aged 65 and older
92% of seniors live in private households
—57% with a partner and/or children
—25% live alone
—11% other arrangements (e.g., living with relatives)
—8% lived in collectives (e.g., nursing homes)
Elderly ____n twice as likely as elderly ____n to live alone or within a collective

A

How Canadian Seniors Live

‘Seniors’ = those aged 65 and older
92% of seniors live in private households
—57% with a partner and/or children
—25% live alone
—11% other arrangements (e.g., living with relatives)
—8% lived in collectives (e.g., nursing homes)
Elderly women twice as likely as elderly men to live alone or within a collective

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5
Q

How Canadian Seniors Live
Characteristics of Canadian families:

Vertical extension: living with more g__________s alive
horizontal shrinkage: living with fewer s________s

A

How Canadian Seniors Live
Characteristics of Canadian families:

Vertical extension: living with more generations alive
horizontal shrinkage: living with fewer siblings

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6
Q

A Profile of Canadian-Seniors

More women than men
28% are i____________s
Only 1.4% are Indigenous Canadians owing to shorter life expectancy

A

A Profile of Canadian-Seniors

More women than men
28% are immigrants
Only 1.4% are Indigenous Canadians owing to shorter life expectancy

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7
Q

A Profile of Canadian-Seniors

Average age of retirement is 61
-lowering of minimum age to draw benefits
- most retire voluntarily
-some involuntarily
corporate downsizing, layoffs, early retirement, ill-health
-inability to find a job most common reason given

A

A Profile of Canadian-Seniors

Average age of retirement is 61
-lowering of minimum age to draw benefits
- most retire voluntarily
-some involuntarily
corporate downsizing, layoffs, early retirement, ill-health
-inability to find a job most common reason given

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8
Q

A Profile of Canadian-Seniors

Less living in _______y compared to years ago
more women than men live in ________y however

90% of Canadians report that they are just as happy or happier after
retirement

A

A Profile of Canadian-Seniors

Less living in poverty compared to years ago
more women than men live in poverty however

90% of Canadians report that they are just as happy or happier after
retirement

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9
Q

A Profile of Canadian Seniors
continued

2003 study found that _0% of Canadian seniors lacked
literacy skills sufficient to cope in our complex society
but, baby boomers more educated than older seniors

Seniors more likely to participate in ___________
organizations than younger people
1/3 of seniors volunteer their time to c_______s
Older Canadians more likely to v__e at all levels of
government

A

A Profile of Canadian Seniors
continued

2003 study found that 80% of Canadian seniors lacked
literacy skills sufficient to cope in our complex society
but, baby boomers more educated than older seniors

Seniors more likely to participate in religious
organizations than younger people
1/3 of seniors volunteer their time to charities
Older Canadians more likely to vote at all levels of
government

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10
Q

Leisure and Canadian-Seniors

Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure

  1. P_______e
    - watching TV, listening to radio, going for drive
  2. C_________e
    - reading, playing cards, computer, education
A

Leisure and Canadian-Seniors

Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure

  1. Passive
    - watching TV, listening to radio, going for drive
  2. Cognitive
    - reading, playing cards, computer, education
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11
Q

Leisure and Canadian-Seniors

Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure

  1. S______l
    - time with friends, talking on phone
  2. P______l
    -physical activity
    -older adults spend more time on these activities than when they
    were younger
    -older men more apt to engage in active leisure types
    (cognitive, social and physical)
A

Leisure and Canadian-Seniors

Turcotte and Schellenberg (2007): 4 types of leisure

  1. Social
    - time with friends, talking on phone
  2. Physical
    -physical activity
    -older adults spend more time on these activities than when they
    were younger
    -older men more apt to engage in active leisure types
    (cognitive, social and physical)
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12
Q

Families: Alive-and-WeIl

89% of older Canadians reported feeling close to a relative
Flow of interaction and assistance between generations is __directional and reciprocal

A

Families: Alive-and-WeIl

89% of older Canadians reported feeling close to a relative
Flow of interaction and assistance between generations is bidirectional and reciprocal

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13
Q

Families: Alive-and-WeIl

-older generation gives more to their children than their
children give to them until older parent’s health fails
Grandparents play important role in grandchildren’s lives:

-babysit, transmit family history, traditions, values
and provide a _____ model
-many provincial laws give access rights to grandparents
-0.5% of children in Canada live in skip-generation
households

A

Families: Alive-and-WeIl

-older generation gives more to their children than their
children give to them until older parent’s health fails
Grandparents play important role in grandchildren’s lives:

-babysit, transmit family history, traditions, values
and provide a role model
-many provincial laws give access rights to grandparents
-0.5% of children in Canada live in skip-generation
households

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14
Q

Health in Old Age

A________c demography
-idea that the aging population will have catastrophic
consequences tor society

Average Canadian senior has 2-3 chronic conditions
women are sicker, men die quicker
7-8% of Canadian seniors have dementia (1994 study)
-35% of those aged 85 or older
-more women than men

A

Health in Old Age

Apocalyptic demography
-idea that the aging population will have catastrophic
consequences tor society

Average Canadian senior has 2-3 chronic conditions
women are sicker, men die quicker
7-8% of Canadian seniors have dementia (1994 study)
-35% of those aged 85 or older
-more women than men

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15
Q

Health in Old Age

Depression decreases as we age, but 2010 show 4_% of those living in nursing homes have significant depressive symptoms

Diabetes, asthma, migraine headaches have increased since 19_0s; Cardiovascular disease, arthritis/rheumatism, hypertension, bronchitis /emphysema have declined

A

Health in Old Age

Depression decreases as we age, but 2010 show 44% of those living in nursing homes have significant depressive symptoms

Diabetes, asthma, migraine headaches have increased since 1970s; Cardiovascular disease, arthritis/rheumatism, hypertension, bronchitis /emphysema have declined

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16
Q

Caring for the Elderly:

Historical Perspective
17th Century
-individuals continued with occupation into old age
-f_____y expected to provide care for ill

A

Caring for the Elderly:

Historical Perspective
17th Centur
-individuals continued with occupation into old age
-family expected to provide care for ill

17
Q

Caring for the Elderly:

18th Century Lower Canada

-_______h-run hospitals began to develop to address the
‘idleness of poor beggars’ — e.g., Montreal
-resembled the English-style workhouse (i.e.
poorhouse) in so far as poor, mentally ill, disabled,
elderly all housed together and pauper nurses did
most of the care

A

Caring for the Elderly:

18th Century Lower Canada

-church-run hospitals began to develop to address the
‘idleness of poor beggars’ — e.g., Montreal
-resembled the English-style workhouse (i.e.
poorhouse) in so far as poor, mentally ill, disabled,
elderly all housed together and pauper nurses did
most of the care

18
Q

Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued

18th Century Upper Canada
-municipal councils provided relief for d________e
-emphasis on self-r________e reduced sympathy
-“auctioning” practice in place for those well enough
-resistance to build workhouse: ‘an unnecessary expense’;
destitute often jailed

A

Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued

18th Century Upper Canada
-municipal councils provided relief for destitute
-emphasis on self-reliance reduced sympathy
-“auctioning” practice in place for those well enough
-resistance to build workhouse: ‘an unnecessary expense’;
destitute often jailed

19
Q

Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued

19 th Centur
-increased need in especially u____n areas
-charitable organizations developed for both ‘outdoor
relief’ and institutional care
-only in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia legislated Poor
Law which required that municipalities care for indigents

A

Caring for the Elderly:
Historical Perspective-continued

19 th Centur
-increased need in especially urban areas
-charitable organizations developed for both ‘outdoor
relief’ and institutional care
-only in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia legislated Poor
Law which required that municipalities care for indigents

20
Q

Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued

Long term care facilities for the elderly slow to develop in 1__0s
Municipalities, churches and community groups had varying degrees of involvement and oversight; C_________e Groups incentivized to build and provide facilities

A

Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued

Long term care facilities for the elderly slow to develop in 1900s
Municipalities, churches and community groups had varying degrees of involvement and oversight; Charitable Groups incentivized to build and provide facilities

21
Q

Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued

19__ Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act passed; provinces now required to provide inpatient services including chronic and c__________t care

A

Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued

1957 Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act passed; provinces now required to provide inpatient services including chronic and convalescent care

22
Q

Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued

Beginning in 19_0s:

  • increased government financial support
  • clients/families choose facility and facilities are classified based on n__d/services provided
  • standards of care and inspection for all facilities
  • clients not expected to work; art, music and other programs encouraged
A

Caring for the Elderly:
istorical Perspective-continued

Beginning in 19_0s:

  • increased government financial support
  • clients/families choose facility and facilities are classified based on need/services provided
  • standards of care and inspection for all facilities
  • clients not expected to work; art, music and other programs encouraged
23
Q

Families. The Mainstay-of Care

Government prefers that f_____ly does caregiving and families
prefer to do the caregiving
however, families need support in this role

Federal Government Programs:
mostly around __x/i_____e measures

A

Families. The Mainstay-of Care

Government prefers that family does caregiving and families
prefer to do the caregiving
however, families need support in this role

Federal Government Programs:
mostly around tax/income measures

24
Q

Families. The Mainstay-of Care

Provincial Government Programs: r______e care

  • sitter attendant services
  • adult daycare
  • short term respite

Voluntary/Non-profit services
-often not coordinated

A

Families. The Mainstay-of Care

Provincial Government Programs: respite care

  • sitter attendant services
  • adult daycare
  • short term respite

Voluntary/Non-profit services
-often not coordinated

25
Q

Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued

Informal Care 
provided by family/friends 
may be i\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_l or emotional 
major form of care in old age 
mostly wives; daughters mostly care for mother
A

Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued

Informal Care 
provided by family/friends 
may be instrumental or emotional 
major form of care in old age 
mostly wives; daughters mostly care for mother
26
Q

Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued

L__g-term Home Support
housework, shopping, meal preparation, personal care

F_____l Care
paid generally does not include major emotional work

A

Families: The Mainstay of Care
continued

Long-term Home Support
housework, shopping, meal preparation, personal care

Formal Care
paid generally does not include major emotional work

27
Q

Families. The Mainstay-ofCare
continued

Caregiver stress and burden may result in
depression, guilt, worry, anxiety, loneliness, isolation

S_______h generation -adult children raising their own
children, caring for elderly parents while also employed

S_____l caregiving refers to situation where adult cares for
their own children and after they’ve left home they care for parent or spouse

A

Families. The Mainstay-ofCare
continued

Caregiver stress and burden may result in
depression, guilt, worry, anxiety, loneliness, isolation

Sandwich generation -adult children raising their own
children, caring for elderly parents while also employed

Serial caregiving refers to situation where adult cares for
their own children and after they’ve left home they care for parent or spouse

28
Q

Elder Abuse
DeK_______y (1996) refers to seniors as ‘hidden victims’
-many are isolated
-many are immobile or have reduced physical or
mental capacity
-they may be dependent upon their abusers
-disbelief, shame, fear
-co-dependency

-% of Canadian seniors 65+ report abuse
-considered an underestimate
-recently, considerable attention on abuse in old-age
institutions

A

Elder Abuse
DeKeseredy (1996) refers to seniors as ‘hidden victims’
-many are isolated
-many are immobile or have reduced physical or
mental capacity
-they may be dependent upon their abusers
-disbelief, shame, fear
-co-dependency

4-7% of Canadian seniors 65+ report abuse
-considered an underestimate
-recently, considerable attention on abuse in old-age
institutions

SOC 271 (11 decks)

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