Oceans & Coastal Processes

Question 1

How much of earth’s surface is covered with ocean water?

Answer 1

72%

Question 2

Average ocean depth?

Answer 2

4km

Question 3

Most of the sediment on land will…?

Answer 3

Erode into the oceans

Question 4

What is the most common salt found in the ocean?

Answer 4

Sodium chloride

others are mg, ca, k

Question 5

If ocean water evaporates…

Answer 5

The salt concentration will rise and precipitate out of solution (sedimentary rock)

Question 6

How does the ocean water transport sediments?

Answer 6

• Longshore transport

- Waves

Question 7

Longshore transport:

Answer 7

Transport of sediments along shoreline due to waves, erodes shoreline

Question 8

Waves:

Answer 8

• Caused by wind
• Shape the shoreline
• Wind pushes water into a wave
• The wave flattens out with decreasing depth
• Breaks when the top of wave is too far ahead of bottom

Question 9

Beach structures due to geologic activity:

Answer 9

• Jetty
• Barrier islands
• Sand bar
• Terraces
• Baymouth bar
• Spit
• Wave cut cliff
• Sea stacks
• Sea arches

Question 10

Jetty:

Answer 10

Man-made structures used to prevent beach erosion

Question 11

Barrier islands:

Answer 11

Carved out by waves

Question 12

Sand bar:

Answer 12

Deposit of sediment (sand) due to wave action

Question 13

Terraces:

Answer 13

Raised beach due to crustal uplift

Question 14

Baymouth bar:

Answer 14

Formed by longshore current, closes off bay

Question 15

Spit:

Answer 15

Formed by longshore current-opened