OCD and related disorders Flashcards
what is OCD according to DSM-5?
recurrent persistent thoughts, disturbance, intrusive thought and action. repetitive behaviors that are heavily driven by irrational thought.
what are some related disorders to OCD according to ICD-10?
body dysmorphic disorder
hoarding disorder
trichotillomania (hair pulling)
excoriation (skin picking )
give 3 facts of OCD?
childhood onset is more common in boys than in girls.
divorce or separation is more common in those with OCD.
usually begins in adolescence to early adulthood.
Aetiology and treatment of OCD : Biological?
family studies: 3-12x higher in first degree relatives.
brain regions involved: basal ganglia, thalamus, OFC,ACC, increased metabolic activity.
treatment: medications that focus on the serotonin system (clomipramine and fluoxetine), prefrontal lobotomy ( destroying one of the areas of the brains tissue to eliminate the OCD factors)
what are some appraisals of intrusive thoughts in OCD? what can be used to treat them?
inflated sense of responsibility
thought-action fusion
cognitive distortion
cognitive biases
treatment :CBT
what is body dysmorphic disorder?
what is the Aetiology of it and treatment ?
preoccupation over defects or flaws within their image, repetitive acts of comparison, causes clinical levels of distress and impairment within social function.
socialcultural context: high cultural attractiveness can lead to ppl having BDD.
AS children ppl with BDD where also reinforced on appearance.
treatment: SSRI’s are most common. CBT helps with negative response prevention.
what is hording disorder? what’s its aetiology and treatment ?
the fail to discard many possessions that seem pointless. they are living in places that are very cramped and disorganized.
aetiology:
neuroimaging: some areas of the brain are activated when symptoms are provoked different from areas activated in OCD.
treatment:
CBT, ERP and SSRi’s. antidepressants are found to be effective.
what is trichotillomania?
compulsive hair pulling,
usually started by an increased sense of tension, followed by pleasure and gratitude.
don’t report pain but a tingling sensation.
usually when a person is alone
can occur at an point
can be from clinical distress or impairment in areas of functioning.
what is Excoriation?
a skin picking disorder, usually begins in adolescence
picking leads to gratification
often leads to infections
patients try to conceal scars and may avoid social situations.
nearly half of those with BDD also have this.
a third of those with this also have another disorder.
most patients are female
