Models Flashcards
What is the psychoanalytic model? (Psychological model)
Tries to understand mental illness by reflecting on humans as peoples motivation, thoughts, and desires
What did Freud argue in the psychotic model ? (Psychological model.)
The perspective of the conscious unconscious and pre-conscious
Psychosexual, stages – anal, oral latency, genital, and phallic 
Ego (reality principle), id (pleasure principle), superego (consciousness )
What did Neo Freudians argue in the psychoanalytic model? (Psychological model.)
Anna Freud – ego as central psychopathology appears of the ego isn’t functioning correctly. this leads to no control of the ID.
Interpersonal perspective – we are the product of relationship, psychopathology is rooted in tendencies which we develop when dealing with interpersonal environment 
What is a cognitive behavioural approach? (Psychological model.)
Bandura– we learn by internal reinforcement by the visualisation of consequences. We don’t need external consequences to alter our behaviour.
Schema – central underline concept of knowledge that guide current thoughts and processes of information.
Attributions :
Internal – factors in a person like abilities of personality mood
External – factors external to a person like luck 
What is the learning part of behavioural perspectives? (Psychological model.)
Generalisation – response to a stimulus is conditioned and is likely to be revoked by another similar stimulus
Discrimination – will a person learn to distinguish between a similar stimulus and to respond differently to them based off reinforcement
Evaluation of the psychoanalytic model? (Psychological model.)
Not very scientific and put too much emphasis on sexual drives
Freuds theory has a highlight of population validity
Neurosciences provided support for the unconscious
Freud’s concepts are fundamental to our thinking about human nature 
Evaluation of the behavioural approach? (Psychological model.)
Objective and research based approach
Behavioural therapy is evidently effective
Others argue that this approach is reductionist 
Evaluation of the cognitive behavioural approach? (Psychological model.)
Generally accepted by clinical settings
Lots of research support
Lots of research has gone on a CBT
Behaviourist unconvinced that cognitions are observable
What are genetic vulnerabilities? (Biological model.) 
46 chromosomes – 23 pairs
Genes carry what we inherit our parents – two copies of each gene one from each parent
22 pairs determine anatomical and physiological make up + one determine the sex 
Large amounts of genes and polymorphisms, interact to increase, vulnerability, 
Down syndrome is have more than the average person. This is Sean through twin studies and family studies. 
What is the biological approach? (Biological model,)
Medicalise approach – do use mental illness as a decrease of the nervous system
They are either inherited a caused by pathological process
Initially focus on neural damage from the symptoms related to mood cognition and behaviour
What does polymorphism and Polygamy? (Biological model)
Polymorphisms - variation in a particular gene
Polygenetics: no illness is thought to be apologetic influenced by multiple genes of multiple polymorphisms
What is brain dysfunction and plasticity? (Biological model.)
Plasticity – brain is flexible and Newell mechanisms can be modified. The environment place a large part in this rich environment equals the cortical matter.
Neurotransmitter and hormone functions 
What are the five main hormones? (Biological model)
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Glutamate
GABA
What are the hormone affects on mental health?(biological model.)
Endocrine system
Some hormones are produced by the brain itself, and therefore have more of an affect
Evaluation of the biological model?
What’s the weather in suggest that mental health has biological components
But biological difference does not always mean mental illness
Gene environment interaction plays a large part in mental health
What does the social model focus on?
Things in the environment that can influence our mental health. These things are usually uncontrollable and unpredictable. 
What is neglect and abuse at home? (Social model)
Many negative effects such as emotional intellectual and physiological development
Could cause behavioural issues such as aggression and bulling
Cognitive issues such as language
Neglect – ongoing failure to meet a child’s needs
Associated with a lower education level
What is Childhood, trauma and deprivation? (Social model.)
Not given the expected, resources by parents or carers
Search deprivation can be the consequence of several situations such as institutionalisation neglect, abuse or separation
8 million children are still in care, Romanian, after the study, found that they have reduction in cortical grey matter
What is separation? (Social model)
Bowlby:
Acute factors: distress detachment
Considered a normal reaction
Prolonged factors : several types of operations can lead to insecure attachment associated with increased vulnerability 
What is marital discord? (Social model)
Together but many arguement
Leads to several issues like aggression, negative interaction styles
Effects parents unpredictable could be neg or pos.
What is parenting style? (Social model)
A relationship is bidirectional
Authoritaria: mood problems, low academic competence
High risk substance
Authoritative: promotes resilience in children, less likely to develop emotional or behaviour problems
Permissive: selfish impatient children, associated with anti social behaviour
Uninvolved: mood problems in childhood, low self esteem, comduct issues
What is socioeconomic status? (Social model)
Social standing or class of an individual - these are associated with mental and psychical health
Prejudice and poverty
Unemployment
What is prejudice and discrimination? (Social model)
Focuses on race gender and ethnicity
Minority groups
Increased mental illness association
What are maladaptive peer relationships? (Social model)
Bullies
Cyber bullying
Learning experience
What are the 5 p’s in diagnosis ?
Presenting problems : concerns that the clients find difficult to manage
Predisposing factors : include biological, environmental or personality considerations that may put clients at risk.
Precipitating factors : those that proximally bring about substance use and its resulting factors.
Perpetuating factors : those that sustain and possibly reinforce clients current substance use and misuse challenges.
Protective factors : those that help to moderate actual or potential substance use and misuse impact.
