mood disorders Flashcards
what are the 2 types of bipolar?
type 1: full blown mania, depression doesn’t reach major levels.
type 2: hypomania, depressive episodes that meet the major depressive criteria.
what is disruptive mood dysregulation and its treatment?
got to be severe for at least a year, severe tantrums, refuse to comply, physically attacking something
this is all to do with children. more common in family histories of anxiety.
medications: treating ADHD, parent training interventions, behavior modification techniques.
what is the aetiology of bipolar?
genetic factors: 10% of the first degree relatives of some with BD will also develop it.
twin studies: concordance rates
neurotransmitters: norepinephrine mobilisers body for action and is found higher in people with mania then people with depression and healthy people
life stressors: child hood trauma increase chances of BD
high levels of goal-striving: linked to manic episodes, higher levels f achievement and good attainment can trigger manic episodes.
factors and influences on Bipolar disorder?
genetic influences: prevalence of MDD is higher in blood relates of MDD patients. MZ twins are 2x more likely to develop it as DZ twins.
neurochemical: reduction in the amount of 2 monoamines. low levels of serotonin or the problem with receptors or post synaptic neuron can lead to risk of BD
diathesis stress model: gene-environment interaction, genetic vulnerability + life stressors.
problematic attributional styles: the cognitive symptoms of depression often precede and cause the affective or mood symptoms (all or nothing thinking, selective abstraction, arbitrary inference, over generalization)
what is the aim of bipolar treatment and the 2 challenges?
challenges: minimize stressors that could be destabilizing, it requires a plan.
anticonvulsants: used to treat mania with long term stabilizers(side effects: drowsiness, insomnia, blurred vision.
antipsychotics: used to treat manic or hypomanic episodes (weight gain, constipation, blurred vision, nausea)
what are the 2 types of mood disorders with examples?
depressive disorders: major depression, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, persistent depressive disorder
bipolar and related disorders: bipolar 1, bipolar 2, cyclothymic disorder.
3 types of depressive episodes ?
major: guilt, change in sleep or eating, low energy, thoughts of death, concentration troubles.
manic: hyperactive, talkative, often requires hospitalization, bad judgement, social or work impairment.
hypomanic : much like a manic episode but briefer and less severe, goal directed behaviour, no not need hospitalization
what is major depressive disorder and the treatment?
suicidal thoughts, requires 2 weeks of symptoms, should never have a manic episode. big changes from regular personality.
treatment is usually psychotherapy, antidepressant meds, or both.
what is premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its treatment?
emotional changes prior the onset of menstruation, anger outbursts, irritability, anxiety. symptoms improve once menstruation occurs.
treatment: exercise, diet, antidepressant meds, hormonal treatment, psychotherapy
What is cyclothymic disorder ?
Many ups and downs that don’t meet any criteria of bipolar or depression disorder.
2 years in adults
Dysphoric and occasionally shifting into hypomania
What are the three classes of anti depressants?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
