eating disorders Flashcards
what is the DSM5 criteria for an eating disorder?
energy intake relative to requirements, leading to low body weight.
intense fear of gaining weight
persistent behavior that interferes with weight.
disturbance in the way ones body weight or shape due to self evaluation.
seriously low body weight
what is bulimia nervosa?
binge eating: eating an abnormal amount in a short time, loss of control. recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors.
both need to occur at least once a week for 3 months.
eating much more rapidly than normal.
uncomfortably full
eating large amounts of food when not hungry.
marked distress.
what is diagnostic crossover?
it is common with transitions between 2 subtypes of anorexia nervosa being very common. transitions from binge eating subtypes of anorexia to bulimia also often occur.
what are the 2 risk factors of eating disorders?
socio-cultural factors: body objectification ( the more women are exposed to western media, the more dissatisfied they are with their body),
early socialization (children’s toys represent unrealistic slender ideals).
individual factors:
negative affect (self critique, distorted thinking),
sexual molestation (sexual abuse is linked to higher risk of eating disorders),
negative body image(standards of beauty, social expectations).
perfectionism (abnormally high standards, intolerance to mistakes, important risk to eating disorders)
the biological explanation of eating disorders?
relatives of individuals with anorexia was 11.4 times greater than for those with healthy relatives.
bulimia= higher chance of alcohol abuse
anorexia= OCD and personality disorder.
damage to the frontal cortex is linked to anorexia and bulimia in some cases.
rat study suggested that people with bulimia can become addicted to dieting and binging.
serotonin: modulates appetite, anti-depressants suggest that the serotonergic system is disrupted within disorders. if that system is damaged, there will be more damaged.
what are the socio-cultural models?
the pressure to be thin leads to body dissatisfaction, ending up in dieting and then bulimic symptoms.
body objectification experience leads to self objectification. this can lead to anxiety, lower bodily awareness and mental health risks.
family and media influence= social comparison=body dissatisfaction=restriction=bulimia=psychological functioning.
how is anorexia treated with hospitalization?
17% of those with severe disorders have been admitted to hospital.
within hospital, there is competition as patients see others that are skinnier and that leads to pressure.
immediate concern to restore their weight, preparing for therapy.
how is anorexia treated with medication?
anti-psychotics (delusions and weight gain)
anti- depressants (not lots of evidence to suggest they work)
how is anorexia treated with family therapy?
refeeding stage: helping the family come up with strategies to get their child to eat.
returning control over eating: once the patient begins eating again, then family issues can be addressed.
establishing a healthy identity: personal boundaries, self image.
how does CBT help treat anorexia?
challenging irrational thoughts
modifying beliefs, discussing goal, the effectiveness of changing strategies.
what are the treatments of bulimia?
medications: anti-depressants help decrease the level of binges
CBT: challenge thoughts and emotions that may be irrational. normalizing eating patterns.
treatment of binge eating disorder?
antidepressants: high comorbidity between binge eating disorder and depression.
appetite suppressants and anticonvulsant meds = help regulate eating patterns.
