OCD Flashcards
what are the 2 important factors of OCD?
obsessions and compulsions
intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges associated with causing harm to oneself/loved ones =
obsessions
what can obsessions lead sufferers to develop?
repetitive behaviour patterns e.g. washing/compulsive checking
repetitive/ritualised behaviour patterns that sufferers feel driven to perform in order to prevent bad things from happening =
compulsions
give an example of compulsions
checking the door/light switches
what do the compulsions aim to do for sufferers?
reduce stress and anxiety caused by the sufferers obsessive fears > provides relief
give some examples of types of OCD
checking, contamination, symmetry/ordering, intrusive thoughts, hoarding
what is a diagnosis of OCD dependent on?
causing marked distress, time consuming, significantly interfering with performing other daily functions
list the different theories/explanations for OCD
biological factors, psychological factors
twin studies have found ____ concordance rate for monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins
high
family relatives of individuals with OCD are _____ ______ to have a diagnosis of OCD than non-family controls
more likely
what can be associated with onset of OCD that suggests a neuropsychological deficit that gives rise to ‘DOUBTING’ in some forms of OCD
traumatic brain injury
what areas of the brain have evidence of increased blood flow when sufferers are shown a stimuli representing their obsession or compulsion?
frontal lobe and basal ganglia
what is a central feature of OCD and what does it suggest?
doubting > suggests OCD may be characterised by memory deficits
it has been suggested that OCD sufferers may have what 3 things?
a general memory deficit, less confidence in their memory validity, deficit in ability to distinguish between real and imagined actions
purpose of these constructs is to link the thoughts, beliefs and cognitive processes to subsequent symptoms = _____ constructs
clinical
idea that sufferers believe they have a responsibility and the power for preventing harm, central causal characteristic of OCD =
inflated responsibility
sufferers believe that intrusive thoughts have ______ attached to them
meanings
many sufferers believe that their thoughts can influence events in the world =
thought-action-fusion
sufferers may actively try and suppress obsessive thoughts =
thought suppression
is the evidence that actively suppressing the unwanted thought will cause it to occur more or less frequently once period of suppression is over?
more frequently
what has evidence shown with sufferers trying to suppress unpleasant thoughts?
it induces a strong negative emotional state that is then associated with the suppressed thought
model that states that OCD sufferers persevere with their compulsions because they have a stop rule and undertake the task in a negative mood state = what hypothesis?
mood as input hypothesis
if compulsions are always done when in a negative anxious mood, what effect does this have on the compulsive activity being continued and why?
negative mood is being interpreted as providing feedback that the goals of the activity have not been completed so activity needs to be continued (repeated until done)
