Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 1

This is intermittent airway collapse during sleep

Causes intermittent arousals and fragmented sleep

Question 2

Describe the affect of obstructive sleep apnoea on the body?

Answer 2

Suspension of breathing (Apnoea)

Shallow breathing causes low level of oxygen (hypoxia)

Question 3

Risk factors for Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 3

Enlarged Tonsils
Obesity
Drugs
Anaesthetic

Question 4

Consequences of Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 4

Daily Sleepiness
Cognitive impairment
Personality changes
Hypertension

Question 5

How is Sleep Apnoea diagnosed?

Answer 5

Epworth Sleepiness Score

Sleep Study

Question 6

Treatment for Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 6

Treat underlying cause
CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
Mandibular Advancement Device
Surgery

Question 7

Types of Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 7

Obstructive and Central

Question 8

Describe the difference between the two types of Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 8

Obstructive is the absence of airflow with continued respiratory drive
Central is the absence of airflow due to loss of central respiratory drive

Question 9

Describe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea - Epidemiology

Answer 9

Most common in males
Most common form
Obesity
Age
Alcohol
Hypertension

Question 10

Describe how obstructive sleep apnoea happens?

Answer 10

Normal decrease in upper airway muscle tone due to sleep is coupled with abnormally large tonsils/obesity

Question 11

Treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea?

Answer 11

CPAP
Lose Weight
Reduce Alcohol Consumption

Question 12

Describe Central Sleep Apnoea

Answer 12

Less common

Patients may have daytime hypercapnia

Question 13

What is the type of breathing in Central Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 13

Cheyne-Strokes respiration

Question 14

Therapy for Central Sleep Apnoea?

Answer 14

Respiratory Stimulant
NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation)
Treat underlying condition