Observation Flashcards
What is a naturalistic observation?
It occurs in a naturalistic setting and event are allowed to occur naturally. The researcher remains in the background and observers are usually unaware of the researchers presence
What is a controlled observation?
Some variables are controlled and participants are likely to know they are being studied and the study may be carried out in a lab
What is a covert observation?
Participants are unaware they are in a study and behaviour is observed in secret. It must happen ethically
What is an overt observation?
Participants know their behaviour is being observed, they have given informed consent and the observer is visible
What are participant observations?
The researcher becomes part of the group. This allows them to get a first hand account and they can get actively involved in the situation
What are non-participant observations?
The researcher remains outside the group. They are not actively involved. This is a more objective observation
What are three strengths of a covert observations?
No investigator effects, high ecological validity and less demand characteristic
What are three limitations of a covert observation?
Unethical, low levels of control and no replication
What is a strength of participant observations
You can get a better insight
What are two limitations of participant observations?
Investigator effects and bias
How can you prevent observer bias?
Using a system and using more then one observer
What three things do researchers start with when designing a research study?
Aim, hypothesis and a sample
What are behavioural categories?
The behaviours which are relevant to the study
What is a behavioural schedule?
A tally chart. They tick behaviours as they occur
Why are tally charts used?
It makes the behaviour of the children observable and measurable. Therefore easier to compare
