Ethics

Question 1

What is informed consent?

Answer 1

Participants should be informed of the aims and procedures of the research. They must also know their right to withdraw and how their data will be used

Question 2

What is the problem with a lack of informed consent?

Answer 2

They participants may be involved in research that goes against their wishes

Question 3

What are the three alternative ways of getting informed consent?

Answer 3

Retrospective consent, prior general consent and presumptive consent

Question 4

What is retrospective consent?

Answer 4

Participants are asked for informed consent after they have taken part in the study

Question 5

What is prior general consent?

Answer 5

Gain general consent to be involved in investigations that may involve deception

Question 6

What is presumptive consent?

Answer 6

Rather than getting consent from the participants themselves, a similar group are asked if the study is acceptable. If they agree then it is presumed that the study is acceptable

Question 7

What is deception?

Answer 7

This is when participants are misled and they have information withheld from them. However in some situations it may be accepted

Question 8

What does the use of deception prevent?

Answer 8

Informed consent

Question 9

What is protection from harm?

Answer 9

The participants should not have a risk of physical and psychological harm that is no greater than everyday life

Question 10

What happens if participants are not protected?

Answer 10

They may suffer long term effects what ch may impact their future lives

Question 11

What is privacy and confidentiality?

Answer 11

Participants have the right to control information about themselves

Question 12

What is the right to withdraw?

Answer 12

Participants should be informed that they have the right to leave the investigations at any point

Question 13

How do we deal with informed consent?

Answer 13

Participants should be issued with a consent letter and if they agree they sign the letter. For children under 16 parental consent is required

Question 14

How do we deal with deception?

Answer 14

Debrief the, by fully informing participants after the investigation of the true aim and about anything the participants have been deceived about

Question 15

How do we deal with protection from harm?

Answer 15

All participants must leave in a similar state to when they started. They must offer counselling if they have been subject to embarrassment or stress

Question 16

How do we deal with confidentiality?

Answer 16

Most researchers use numbers or initials when writing up the investigation. They also need to be reminded throughout the res arch that their data will be protected

Question 17

Name five things that a consent form needs to include

Answer 17

The aim of the study, procedure, ethical issues, further questions and consent by signature

Question 18

What four things does a debrief need to include?

Answer 18

Thank the participants, tell them the true aim, ethics and additional information