OBN: Parturition Flashcards
What are the 4 phases of parturition?
- Quiescence
- Activation - ripening
- Stimulation - manganganak
- Involution
[Phase of parturition]
braxton Hicks contractions can be felt in this phase
Phase 1 - Quiescence
What proteins are expressed in the phase 2 of parturition that increases uterine irritability and increases responsiveness to uteronins?
contraction-associated proteins
What are examples of you uteronins?
- Oxytocin receptor
- Prostaglanding F
- Connexin 43
___ sensation that the baby dropped
associated with greater expression of oxytocin receptors in funday myometrial cells
Lightening
Lower uterine segment formed during phase 2 is due to ____
dilation of the isthmus due to lightening
What are the drugs that promote cervical ripening that is used for labor induction
- PGE2
2. PGF2 alpha
[Phase 3: Stimulation]
Physiological retraction ring is due to ___
- Lower segment thinning
2. Concomitant upper segment thickening
[Phase 3: Stimulation]
____ is a pathological retraction ring when thinning of the lower segment is extreme
Bandl ring
What is the most important force in fetal expulsion?
Maternal intraabdominal pressure
[Phase 3: Stimulation]
What is the first stage of stimulation?
cervical effacement
- Shortening of cervical canal
- Expulsion of the mucus plug
What are the differences between multipara and primigravid in terms of cervical dilation and cervical effacement?
- In primigravid, dilation is minimal despite complete effacement
- In multipara, dilation is complete despite minimal effacement
Phase 3: Labor]
____ refers to the spontaneous release of blood-tinged mucus from the vagina
Mucus plus, mucus show, bloody show
Phase 3: Labor]
what are the causes of pain during labor initation?
- Hypoxia
- Compression of the nerve ganglia in the cervix
- Cervical stretching
- Stretching of the peritoneum
Stripping of fetal membranes lead to increase in what prostaglanding causing more dilatation and cervical stretching?
Ferguson reflex
___ refers to the leading portion of fluid and amniotic sac
Forebag
Cervical dilation is due to the ____ exerted on the cervix that creates cervical dilatation
Centrifugal pull
Amniotic sac also has hydrostatic action
____ is the pattern of cervical dilatation during preparatory and dilatational divisions of labor
sigmoid curve
[Sigmoid curve in cervical dilatation]
___ variable, sensitive to changes by extraneous factors
Latent phase
[Sigmoid curve in cervical dilatation]
What are the different phases in the active phase?
- Acceleration phase
- phase of maximum slope
- Deceleration phase
____ is the curve of fetal descent. formed when the station of the fetal head is plotted as a function of labor induction
hyperbolic
___ refers to the descent of the fetal BPD in relation to a line drawn between maternal and ischial spines
Station
What is the most important pelvic floor structure in parturition?
levator ani muscle
Contraction draws the vagina forward, upward in the direction of the symphysis pubis and therby acts to close the vagina
What are the components of the levator ani muscle?
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
- Ileococcygeus
