Developmental Biology of Sex Flashcards
Female sex is determined by the absence of ___ gene
SRY gene
What is the single most consistent determinant of maleness?
presence of Y chromosome
Which contains the SRY chromosome
What is the gold standard in determining chromosomal sex
karyotyping
What are the indications of karyotyping
- Patients who undergo gender reassignment surgery
2. Patients with ambiguous genitalia
SRY gene condes for _____
Testis determining factor (TDF)
What directs the differentiation of gonads into testes?
TDF
____ weeks AOG where and embryo has a bipotential gonad
4th to 6th week
The development of the ovary occurs at the ___ weeks AOG
11th or 12th week AOG
At 4 weeks AOG, the adrenal gland develops from the ____
pronephros and pronephric duct
At 4 weeks AOG, what functions as the fetal kidney?
mesonephros
Producing urine for a bout 2-3 weeks
Which part of the mesonephros does the gonads arise?
central
At 5-8 weeks AOGm this refers to the permanent kidney
metanephros
At what AOG does the metanephros function?
late in the 7th or early 8th AOG
The metanephric duct give rise to these adult organs
- Ureter
- Renal pelvis
- Calyces
- Collecting tubule of the adult kidney
At what AOG does a fetus produce urine?
8 weeks AOG
starting in the 2nd trimester, fetal urine is the major contributor to AFV
The ureters are derived from the ___ duct
metanephric duct
___ duct has the potential to differentiate into male genitalia
wollfian ducts
What are the derivatives of the wollfian duct?
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Seminal vesicle
___ duct has the potential to develop into female internal genitalia
Mullerian duct
What are the derivatives of the mullerian ducts
- Uterus
- Fallopian tube
- Cervix
4/ Upper vagina
Gonadal cell that secrete testosterone
Leydig cells
Gonadal cell that secrete AMH, MIS
Sertoli cells
What hormone is responsible for differentiation of wolffian ducts?
Testosterone
at 9-10 weeks
What hormone controls the prostate development?
prostate
presence of this hormone leads to failure of the fallopian tube, uterus, upper part of the vagina to develop
Anti mullerian hormone
Development of phenotypic sex requires?
- Differentiation of genital ducts
- Differentiation of external genitalia
- Hypothalamic differentiation
[Homologues]
Scrotum
Labia majora
[Homologues]
ventral portion of the pedis
Labia minora
[Homologues]
penis
clitoris
[Homologues]
Prostate gland
urethral and paraurethral glands
[Homologues]
prostatic utricle
Vagina
[Homologues]
bulbourethral glands
Greater vestibular glands
[Homologues]
seminal colliculus
hymen
[Homologues]
Gartner’s duct in females
- Ductus deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- seminal vesicles
[Homologues]
seminiferous tubules
ovarian follicles
[Homologues]
gubernaculum testtis
round ligament of uterus
Early (before differentiation) excess exposure of normal female to testosterone can lead to?
Male pattern
After differentiation, exposure to excess exposure of normal female to testosterone can lead to?
enlargement of clitoris
