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soc 224 > objective deviance position ! > Flashcards

objective deviance position ! Flashcards

1
Q

objective theories are the most helpful set of theories when?

A

research question is focused on the deviant act itself / something we all agree on
ex. murder is bad

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2
Q

objective theorists assume that..?

A

there is something different between deviant and non-deviant

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3
Q

objectivists study..?

A

why some people are deviant and others are not to help plan for a better society

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4
Q

what are the functionalist theories?

A

strain theory
differential opportunity theory
institutional anomie
general strain theory
status frustration theory

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5
Q

strain theory is the ____ _____ sociological theory of all time?

A

most cited

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6
Q

what was the focus of strain theory?

A
  • what is it that makes some of us criminal and others not?
  • people become criminal because of the strain or tension between what society defines as ‘the good life’, but some of us cannot reach that goal
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7
Q

robert merton with strain theory believed that north american society was in a state of? why were they in this state?

A

anomie
- imbalance between institutionalized goals and legitimate means of achieving them
- strain experienced by the distance between the goals and the means of achieving them; strain experienced by blocked opportunities to attain the goal

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8
Q

in strain theory, what is an institutionalized goal?

A

goals that are culturally exalted including wealth, status, power, prestige

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9
Q

in strain theory, what are legitimate means?

A

socially acceptable ways of attaining the institutionalized goals in society

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10
Q

what is a modern day way to remember strain theory?

A

starboy - the weekend
- we only have one definition of ‘the good life’ in North America, which is very materialistic, and some of us cannot reach that, which causes us to act deviant

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11
Q

conformist: attitude to goals and means?

A

accept; accept
- want the good life and are working to get there

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12
Q

innovators: attitude to goals and means?

A

accept; reject
- accept the goal to have the good life, but don’t accept the means of getting there so they do so through illegitimate means

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13
Q

ritualist: attitude toward goals and means?

A

reject; accept
- reject the good life, but work hard

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14
Q

retreatants: attitude to goals and means?

A

reject; reject
- don’t aspire for the good life and are not working hard to get it
- DEVIANT

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15
Q

rebellion: attitude to goals and means?

A

reject/accept; reject/accept
- reject that definition of the good life and replace it with a new meaning, and accept other means of reaching the good life

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16
Q

what is the basic principle of richard cloward and lloyd ohlin’s differential opportunity theory?

A

not all of us can have access to the illegitimate means of getting the goal; must have the opportunity to become an innovator
ex. work in a bank to steal money

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17
Q

what is differential illegitimate opportunity?

A

some poor people lack both legitimate means AND illegitimate means (criminal gang) to achieve goals, so they have double failures and may resolve to become drug users, sex trade worker

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18
Q

what was messner and rosenfeld’s institutional anomie?

A

a lot of the principles contained in a dream are captured in other societal institutions
work hard = get rewarded = achieve the dream
the institutional; balance of power was tilted toward the economy

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19
Q

what did the economy impact? what do these secondary institutions regulate?

A

family
school system
political system
- these secondary institutions directly regulate societal norms

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20
Q

robert agnew’s general strain theory believed strain resulted from 3 different sources

A
  1. being blocked from positively valued goal (get a date for prom and you don’t)
  2. actual or anticipated loss of something valuable (get cut from football team and you vandalize field)
  3. actual or anticipated presentation of noxious stimuli (getting bullied at school, go and beat people up)
21
Q

what was the main principle behind albert cohen’s status frustration theory?

A

structure of society reproduced in the classroom

22
Q

what is delayed gratification (status frustration)?

A

study hard tonight = do well on test tomorrow
- only really works for middle class children

23
Q

what is meritocracy (status frustration)?

A

work hard, you’ll make it
- poor children see that their parents are working hard, but still living in poverty

24
Q

cohen thought that lower class boys will engage in?

A
  1. mutual conversation: join together with other frustrated children
  2. reaction formation: establish a set of oppositional standards for the group (meet others with aggression)
25
Q

what’s an easy way to remember status frustration theory?

A

marshmallow test

26
Q

what is the question for elijah andersons’ code on the streets?

A

why is it that so many inner-city young people are inclined to commit aggression and violence towards one another?

27
Q

what is the code itself?

A

the willingness to use violence

28
Q

what are factors that make them bind to this code on the streets?

A
  • weakly bonded to conventional institutions, families (ineffective parenting, neglect, abuse)
  • don’t identify with meritocracy because working hard does not matter when I am a black canadian
  • angry, little hope for the future, little self-respect
  • exacerbated by lack of trust in conventional institutions (police)
29
Q

what are the social learning theories?

A

classical conditioning
operant / instrumental conditioning
modelling / imitation theory
differential association theory
neutralization theory

30
Q

bitch if you don’t fucking know classical conditioning i will slap you silly

A

yes ma’am

31
Q

operant conditioning, who was in charge of it?

A

thorndike and skinner

32
Q

now what do we think of to remember operant conditioning you slut

A

bdsm (reinforcement and punishment)

33
Q

what was the skinner box (operant)

A

used pigeons and trained them to correctly use their beak to push the right colored button that matched the color of the car

34
Q

modelling and imitation theory was proposed by?

A

alfred bandura

35
Q

what was the bobo doll experiment (modelling / imitation)

A

bandura did not think all the violence was good, so he set up the experiment up to test the impact of watching violence on children’s behaviors

36
Q

what was edwin sutherland’s differential association theory?

A

we will become deviant if we hang out with deviance / if we spend more time with those who are deviant, we will adopt their behaviors

37
Q

what is an example to remember differential association theory?

A

oliver twist: orphan who has nothing, and meets other orphan boys that take him back to faggon’s house. provides place for them to eat and sleep, but these orphans must go out and steal for him. oliver learns physical action, as well as mental justifications for why he is doing what he is doing

38
Q

what is learned in differential association theory?

A

criminal technique (how to get…), motives (why i am doing this), attitudes (i am disregarding legal code…) and rationalization (i am doing this because…)

39
Q

who are the primary socialization agents in differential association?

A

parents / family

40
Q

who are the secondary socialization agents in differential association?

A

peers, teachers, workmates, media, state

41
Q

what four factors influence interactions?

A

frequency (how much time)
duration (short or long)
priority (how important they are in your life)
intensity (emotional exchange)

42
Q

what is skyes and matza’s neutralization theory?

A

learning how to justify deviance

43
Q

how do we justify deviance (neutralization theory)?

A
  1. denial of responsibility: well he left his car out and left his keys
  2. denial of injury: no one got hurt! i just borrowed it
  3. denial of the victim: he just races by with his car when i’m walking, he could hurt me!
  4. condemnation of the condemners: who are you to call me a thief? we know that you guys steal the drugs from us after you clear it from my searched car
  5. appealing to higher loyalties: yes, i stole it, but my grandma needed her prescriptions so i took it to get her medicine
44
Q

what is the objective of social control theories?

A
  • something we can all agree upon is deviant !
  • understand why some people engage in deviant behaviors. understand how we can help those people, etc
  • deviance is inherently attractive, yet most of us do not engage in deviance
45
Q

what are the types of social control theory?

A

social bonds theory
self-control theory / general crime theory

46
Q

what does the social bonds theory by travus hirschi look at?

A

why are so many of us law abiding?

47
Q

what are the four elements if social bonds theory?

A
  1. attachment - strongest ! refers to with parents / family
  2. commitment: to standard behavior and processes; achieving their goals
  3. involvement: children who are more involved in structured after school activities benefit more than unstructured
  4. belief: commitment to standard societal beliefs
    (ICAB)
48
Q

what does self-control theory look at?

A

how self-control restrains us:
- determined by parenting, in early life
- remains relatively stable throughout life
poor parenting –> poor self-control –> deviance

soc 224 (15 decks)

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