deviance and sexuality part 1

Question 1

how has sexual citizenship changed in early 1900s

Answer 1

homosexuality considered deviant behavior; indicative of mental pathology

Question 2

how has sexual citizenship changed in 1950

Answer 2

challenged notion of pathology; sexual pluralism
- evidence that someone was mentally-ill
- recognition that many people who identify as heterosexual but said who did have fantasy’s over homosexual tendencies
- challenges that homosexuality was a sin

Question 3

how has sexual citizenship changed in 1950-1960

Answer 3

the cold war and the fruit machine
- cold war: lots of paranoia about the potential for communism; military and police services were most afraid; gay member in the military would be ‘distracting’
- the fruit machine: fruit was a derogatory insult toward gay men; instrument designed to measure your heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation to identify gay and lesbian member of military and rcmp; if suspected, they will put you in a chair and have you look at homosexual images; wanted to purge and get rid of these members to reduce liability they would cause

Question 4

what deviant behaviors that indicated someone was gay: fruit machine?

Answer 4

\pinky ring, breasting your books, white convertible, went to the right at a bar, went to play sports with the other girls, how you hold your cigarette

Question 5

what was the ideology of the fruit machine

Answer 5

two groups (hetero and homo), and the fruit machine test was unreliable, scare that homosexuality was contagious

Question 6

what institutions were involved in the fruit machine?

Answer 6

rcmp and military and senior bureaucrats

Question 7

how can we prevent the fruit machine from happening in the future?

Answer 7

‘group think’
(people feel privilege; can happen when you are invited into the high status group; everyone is talking and you get caught up in what higher authorities are saying; don’t want to go against people who have higher authority)

Question 8

how has sexual citizenship changed in 1969?

Answer 8

• consensual sex between 2 men if you were older than 21 was decriminalized
• birth control was legalized
• divorce laws change
• abortion access
• sodomy was illegal (anal sex was decriminalized)

Question 9

how has sexual citizenship changed in 1980

Answer 9

• AIDS crisis: gay men were more likely to get HIV (lower levels of condom usage, more anal sex which can cause tearing and infection)

Question 10

how has sexual citizenship changed in 1981?

Answer 10

operation soap toronto protests and rallies
- police went into bathhouses and arrested men for indecency
- torontonians were so upset they had victimized gay men, and no one wanted to talk responsibility (were not prepared for outrage that followed)

Question 11

how has sexual citizenship changed in the late 1980s

Answer 11

canadian universities began to develop gay and lesbian studies programs

Question 12

how has sexual citizenship changed in 2000s

Answer 12

little sister bookstore
- book store that specializes gay erotica
- at the border, customs opened box, and refused to send it into Canada and wanted to censor it
- little sister bookstore won court case

Question 13

how has sexual citizenship changed in 2005?

Answer 13

legalization of same-sex marriage

Question 14

how has sexual citizenship changed in 2008?

Answer 14

age of consent for sexual activity raised to 16

Question 15

talcott parsons (1955) had what position on deviance?

Answer 15

objectivist - structural functionalist

Question 16

talcott parsons (1955) believe the function of the family was?

Answer 16

families are an institution as they perform roles that benefit the function of society
- care for children
- socialization of children
- social cohesion -> societal stability

Question 17

talcott parsons created the nuclear family model, what is it?

Answer 17

family stable; dad goes out and provides money to keep family comfortable, mom creates safe environment, educate them, good contributing member of society

Question 18

in 2012, what groundbreaking thing happened in terms of family structure?

Answer 18

first time single person households eclipses (was more than) double parent households

Question 19

what was the subjective orientation for history

Answer 19

who was determined to be a sexual ‘deviant’ has changed (societal construction)

Question 20

what was the subjective orientation for culture?

Answer 20

formal and informal social control differs across cultures

Question 21

what was the subjective orientation for sex?

Answer 21

impact of cultural changes, diversity in experience (not focused on sex for the purpose of children anymore)

Question 22

in the subjectivist position, what was the construction of a social problem?

Answer 22

prostitution

Question 23

how was prostitution sinful as a moral problem?

Answer 23

• drives men away from wife
• use for body than other purposes than serving god
• social gospel movement - need to cleanse the community, only then can individuals living there find their god (against alcohol, sex trade work)
• considered immoral
• having sex would be wasting a man’s seed

Question 24

how does prostitution go against the criminal code?

Answer 24

1892 - canadas criminal code:
- offenses against morality (canadian criminal code finally developed instead of britain)
- crime because it was immoral
- infanticide, sodomy, incest, indecency, seduction, corruption of children, prostitution, providing / undergoing abortion

Question 25

how did the gold rush affect prostitution?

Answer 25

the gold rush (1896 - 1899):
- moving toward tolerance of the sex-trade
- more men than women (were not as durable to make that trek)
- men would do their gold panning, and if they were successful, they would trade the gold in for cash, and then they would head to the pub / brothel to spend money on alcohol and prostitutes
- men had a natural sexual urge that could not be repressed, and those who did not have this urge could become violent
- protecting women from violent men
- public health approach
- harm reduction approach: not attacking the primary deviance

Question 26

in 1898, what public health law was introduced?

Answer 26

dawson city public health law

Question 27

what was the dawson city public health law?

Answer 27

all prostitutes had to be checked monthly for syphilis, chlamydia + STI

Question 28

what happened in 1918 in alberta, ontario, and saskatchewan ?

Answer 28

• those charged with prostitution could be tested for STI
• government regulation of ‘educational’ literature about STIs

Question 29

what were two characteristics of the gold rush time period that made prostitution immoral and lack public health regulations?

Answer 29

1. people did not discuss sex due to the attitude around it back then
   - admitting to community doctor that you had engaged with a prostitute was difficult
   - had to pay for healthcare
2. not a lot of rules around products being sold
   - patent medicines (medicines to buy off the shelf) were making claims that there were cures when really there were none
   - led to many people being untreated

Question 30

when did STI treatment eventually become free?

Answer 30

1919

Question 31

during the gold rush era, morgan wrote the book “good time girls,” with the quote “guys, if you’re not ready, don’t stand in line”, meaning?

Answer 31

demand for prostitute services were high

Question 32

what did they discover about many women who were prostitutes?

Answer 32

found that many women came from difficult lives
- victims of physical, sexual abuse in childhood
- victimized by pimps and those who wanted their services
- most have experienced violence in their work

Question 33

what was the average age into the sex trade?

Answer 33

13 - 15 in 2001

Question 34

what was the sex trade linked to?

Answer 34

human trafficking

Question 35

prostitutes ended up being?

Answer 35

heavily stigmatized, marginalized, and experience lower levels of health-care access
- avoided hospitals and doctors because they were victimized again
- left in waiting room for a long time
- did not trust they would not be reported to police or social services and take their children
- criminality of trade makes work extremely dangerous (illegal made it very dangerous)
- HIV/AIDS

Question 36

alexa albert spoke about brothels in her book “mustarch ranch and its women”, what question did she want to answer?

Answer 36

does the legalization of prostitution make it safe for women?

Question 37

does the legalization of prostitution make it safe for women?

Answer 37

• findings were mixed; people were around so if violence occurred they could get help sooner
• women were still exploited (took part of earnings, they had to pay for their drinks, had a partner or husband at home who would also take her money: payouts!)

Question 38

what was the brothel atmosphere?

Answer 38

you have a big home with many rooms, and it has a gate with a security access button. open the door, a line up of women in lingerie appear and introduce themselves. the man would choose which women he wanted to have sex with, have some drinks in a “living room” area, and then would head up to the bedroom, negotiate, and have sex

Question 39

what was the main message of alexa albert’s study of brothels?

Answer 39

it is NOT the legalization of the sex trade that doesn’t make it dangerous, as they are still exploited

Question 40

what happened in 2014 to make prostitution transform from victimization to workers rights?

Answer 40

• anti-prostitution laws struck down; laws determined to infringe on the rights of sex-trade workers by depriving them of security of person (charter of rights and freedoms)
• very conservative government, stephen harper

Question 41

the three criminal laws determined to be invalid included those related to?

Answer 41

1. the keeping of a common bawdy house (sex trade work in canada is dangerous as its out on the street, in the dark, they don’t have protection)
2. living on the avails of prostitution (to go after pimps who made money off of the sex trade workers, body or security guards could be arrested)
3. soliciting on the street (luring in, negotiating prices, etc; do the act so quick that they cannot check and make sure there is no danger)

Question 42

peoples forced the governments to make changes when they used __________ to explain how the prostitutes safety was being violated

Answer 42

the charter

Question 43

what bill did the government release for prostitution?

Answer 43

bill c-36: the protection of communities and exploited persons act 2014

Question 44

what did bill c-36 outline?

Answer 44

treats prostitution as a form of sexual exploitation that disproportionately impacts women and girls

Question 45

what were the three point of coyote advocacy (call off your old tired ethics)?

Answer 45

1. repel of all existing prostitution laws
   - most of the problems / harms associated with prostitution are direct result of criminality
2. the recognition of prostituion as a credible service occupation
   - assume many are in the sex trade voluntarily
   - no significant distinction between a women being for 1 hour of sexual services, typing, acting
   - women should have the right to sell sexual services just as much as a lawyer not selling their brain to do their work
3. the protection of prostitutes rights and legitimate workers:
   - basis that work is legitimate and voluntary, claims of civil rights as workers are made
   - institutionalized vocabulary of “sex-work” as workers, they are entitled to workers rights