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soc 224 > looking deviant - physical appearance > Flashcards

looking deviant - physical appearance Flashcards

1
Q

what is charles cooley’s looking glass self?

A
  1. how do others see me
  2. how do others evaluate me based on what they see
  3. how does their evaluation make me feel about myself
    - need to have developed sense of self, self awareness, know how society defines beauty
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2
Q

in order to have self recognition, we need to have a sense of self…?

A

concept?
- understand societal prescription of what is a standard / desired appearance

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2
Q

what is george meads: the ‘I’ and the “me”

A
  • I: myself; subject
  • Me: self as perceived by others; object
  • we are not born with a sense of self, we develop it
  • self is heavily determined by society
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2
Q

when do we start being able to recognize ourself in the mirror?

A

18 months

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3
Q

what are higgens three elements / components of the self?

A
  1. actual self: who i am
  2. ideal self: what i want to be
  3. ought-to-be self: what should i be
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4
Q

what self is socially informed?

A

ideal self

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5
Q

what is erving goffman’s dramaturgical self?

A

our appearance, what we bring forth “on-stage” and what is real “back-stage”

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5
Q

what is an example of impression management (goffman)

A

could go to mall in pajamas, but do not want others to see that

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6
Q

what four ways do we control our appearance and impression management?

A

disability
weight
age
identity

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7
Q

disability is not a deviant behavior, it is a deviant…?

A

condition
- behavior is deviant because of the condition (person with alzheimers acting inappropriately in a restaurant is due to the condition)

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8
Q

what was the eugenics movement?

A

people in canada were sexually sterilized for having a disability

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9
Q

how were people denied social roles for having a disability?

A

no job accommodations
beggars in streets

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10
Q

how were people with a disability socially isolated?

A
  • voting places = people in wheelchairs were not able to access the facility
  • ramps for people to get into apartments
  • secluded schools
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11
Q

what were the three means to deal with disability stigma?

A
  1. impression managements
  2. medicalization: seek doctors, wear glasses, then you can drive
  3. subcultural formation and peer-support: crip camp with others like them = blossom
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12
Q

what was the freak show

A

people would pay to go see ‘atypical’ people

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13
Q

what makes appearance norms and deviance a social construct?

A
  • changed over time: cannot be a firm piece of knowledge if it changes
  • cross-cultural differences
  • age dependent
  • women traditionally more likely to be evaluated harshly based on appearance norms
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14
Q

in the study by henderson and anglin, what does facial attractiveness predict?

A

life longevity

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15
Q

what is the good genes theory?

A

attracted to healthy looking people because they are likely to pass some of their superior fitness on to our offspring

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16
Q

what is the “beautiful is good” theory?

A

people who are beautiful tend to have better lives and longer lives and nicer neighborhoods

17
Q

how does attractiveness related to hirability?

A

more attractive employee candidate is more likely to get the job

18
Q

can attractiveness be outshined by other personality traits?

A

yes! attractiveness is important, but can be counteracted by other characteristics (confidence)

19
Q

what is the ideal body in terms of scientific standards?

A

align with health, objectivist theories, in reference to reduce harm

20
Q

what is the ideal body in terms of social standards?

A

subjectivist, who defines what ideal body is / beauty, how do we control for it

21
Q

how do we measure if we have an ideal body in terms of scientific standards?

A

body mass index (BMI)

22
Q

are more people overweight or underweight?

A

overweight (obesity have increased)

23
Q

what is the health risk with overweight being deviant?

A

potential health risk
hypertension, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers

24
Q

what is the health risk with underweight being deviant?

A
  • decreased immune function
  • anorexia, bulimia
25
Q

what are the medico-scientific understanding of obesity (3 categories)?

A
  1. genetics:
    - adoption studies: twins in different homes, if one is obese, so is the other
  2. endocrinology:
    - thyroid, cortisol levels, progesterone, estrogen, testosterone
    - hormones
  3. neurochemical
    - serotonin (low = high craving for carbohydrates)
26
Q

what is the sociological understanding of obesity (think food)

A
  • increased standard of living: more money, takeout (higher calories, fat), eating more
  • all you can eat
  • drive thru
  • processed food
  • food pricing: poor quality food is cheaper, low SES
  • food advertising
27
Q

how has media portrayal affected the ideal body?

A
  • women become thinner (most woman by 20 have tried to diet)
  • males are more muscular (larger)
  • more attainable body image for men
28
Q

what did kirstie clements: the vogue factor novel look at?

A
  • very critical of the hollywood modelling industry
  • lots of models picked up smoking, fainted during shows due to lack of food, cocaine use
  • would eat cotton balls to feel full and occupy stomach
29
Q

how has beauty and the cosmetic industry grown?

A

very lucrative (makes a lot of money)
- we are not in need of these items, but yet it makes a lot of profit

30
Q

why is the cosmetic industry so profitable?

A

more likely to get a job because you are attractive

31
Q

people most likely to explain their behavior based on what three traits?

A
  • aesthetics (looking good)
  • individuality (tattoos)
  • health (fit / muscular)
32
Q

how does beauty relate to premium economics (physical attractiveness is ______)

A

currency (more likely to get a job)
power (to get a job)
health/vitality/sexual (ageism: does not celebrate the aging body: existential anxiety: fear of irrelevance, not being desirable)

33
Q

what was margaret atwood’s the victory burlesk?

A

young women: nude body accepted
old women: nude body ugly

34
Q

why does a lot of deviance develop between our actual and ideal self?

A

we take deviant measure to transform from our actual selves to our ideal selves

35
Q

what is the political economic perspective of beauty?

A

capitalism requires continual development of new markets, expanded markets and consumerism (they do not specify in commercials that wrinkles are bad, it just says that you “need to buy the cream to get rid of this”)

36
Q

what is the sisyphean exercise?

A
  • beauty exercises are sisyphean, as you never hit ‘peak beauty’
  • every time you fix one thing, you find something else to criticize
  • makes money: repeat customers continue coming back
37
Q

what are critiques of the industry / advertisements?

A
  • ageism
  • racism (white-washing, lighter skin)
  • classism
38
Q

how did capitalist expand the beauty market to include men?

A

GI joe dolls became much more muscular
- biceps more than double

men’s health magazine (bodybuilding for men)
- increased sales
- more advertising around shaving scream, colognes, grey hair
- men cosmetic stuff more recent

39
Q

in the 1980 - 1990, the law change toward divorce occurred. how did this affect the male beauty industry?

A
  • more single men in their 40s, recognize that men were a little self conscious, and exploited that (hair dye for grey hair, motorcycles)
40
Q

how did gay men expand the beauty industry?

A
  • often did not have children
  • have a lot more money
  • want them to spend more money in the market
  • expansion in men seeking manicures and pedicures
41
Q

how did naomi wolf’s book about the beauty myth highlight?

A
  • isn’t it curious that this pressure ramped up as women started to enter the workforce?
  • gain power entering workforce, but were now under more pressure to look a certain way and invest in themselves
42
Q

what was simone de beauvior realized that women were being encouraged to view their bodies as?

A

an object (similar to a house that must be cleaned, maintained, as well kept); take their bodies and work on it

43
Q

what did michel foucault think about the duality of the person and the body?

A

we cannot separate ourselves from our body because so much of our experiences are based on our own lived experience in our body

soc 224 (15 decks)

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