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soc 224 > deviance + substance use > Flashcards

deviance + substance use Flashcards

1
Q

was drug use promoted in youth?

A

yes, it was seen as harmless

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2
Q

is weed an enhancement drug?

A

no

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3
Q

how do they measure how much drug use is in a city / area?

A

They do waste water studies, study the amount of the in waste water

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4
Q

most western provinces use ________ drugs; most eastern provinces use __________ drug

A

hallucinogens (mushrooms); LSD

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5
Q

where in canada has the highest amount of cocaine use?

A

halifax and montreal (3/4 highest cocaine use worldwide)

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6
Q

where in canada has the highest rates of meth use?

A

sask and edmonton

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7
Q

what is an individual factors that cause drug use?

A

feelings of competence

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8
Q

what is a family factor that can cause drug use

A

parent-child relationship

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9
Q

what are some school factors that can result in drug use?

A

whether they are doing good in school
whether they have a sense of belonging there
are they involved in school
extracurricular activities

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10
Q

what is a community factor that can lead to drug use?

A

availability of substances

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11
Q

what are the possible categories of symptoms for substance use disorders?

A

impaired control
social problems
risky use
physical dependence

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12
Q

police are seeing many people taking lethal doses but are not dead or have significant deadly side effects; why is that?

A

built up a tolerance

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13
Q

what is the most likely drug to bring someone into treatment for substance use?

A

alcohol: most problematic

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14
Q

social typing for a stoner sloth

A

description: the label (stoner sloth)

evaluation: the judgements, what describes the person (slow, incompetent, unfocused)

prescription: the measure of social control, informal or formal norms, how the deviance is controlled, the treatment – (side lined in society, names (addict), ignored, making fun of you, faces at you, embarrass the individual. formal norms = laws; weed is illegal in places)

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15
Q

what are the measures of social control on the drug policy in canada?

A

drug use was not problematized, yet deviantized, criminalized, and medicalized (all happen at one time)

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16
Q

why was drugs use / misuse sinful and deviantized?

A
  • you need to just not do it, why can’t you just stop
    • EX: everyone drinks, why can’t you just stop
    • sinful against god, you aren’t mature enough
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17
Q

what was the criminological approach to the drug policy in canada (date timeline)

A

1986: drug problem had reached epidemic level
1987: war on drugs introduced to reduce supply and demand
2000: war on drugs failed (most drug use doubled)
2007: anti-drug strategy introduced with ‘mandatory minimums’

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18
Q

brian mulroney, the canadian PM, claimed there was a drug epidemic, but was also under a lot of pressure to…?

A

align the canadian drug policy with the states

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19
Q

what happened after the introduction of ‘mandatory minimums’ for drug intake?

A
  • conservatives introduced the amount of drugs you were allowed on your person before you were allowed to go to jail
  • strong criminal approach now
  • prison sentences didn’t really stop the use of the illicit drugs
  • the mandatory minimum didn’t really scare people, they didn’t really think about it
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20
Q

where did most drug trade come from during the war on drugs?

A

the poppy in afghanistan
- most of it would go through russia and then make its way in

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21
Q

what would happen if a certain drug that was once illegal became legalized?

A

drug cartels don’t just stop, they’ll just find other things ie: guns, weapons, will move more human trafficking (increase in it)

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22
Q

what would happen if a certain drug that was legal all of a sudden became illegal?

A

these traffickers gain, cops are paid to turn a blind eye

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23
Q

why was arresting people unbeneficial during the war on drugs?

A
  • big bosses are not the ones arrested
  • connections all over, so arresting only one of them hardly does anything
  • people are easily replaceable, others will jump in
  • big bosses sometime provide lawyers to keep their people out of jail
24
Q

who are the people that are typically caught and thrown in jail?

A

users, the small time dealers, the mules, not the big guys

25
Q

what did bill blair (chief of police) believe?

A
  • says Profiling is illegal and bad
  • says legalizing the weed can help release those in jail and it won’t be AS MUCH as of a problem
  • he knew that people were racialized and that they were disproportionally affected
  • he acknowledged something that he very well could have done
26
Q

who were the armies of beneficiaries (who benefited) from the war on drugs?

A

the police
drug programs
the media

27
Q

how did the drug problem benefit police?

A

had a lot of work so they could ask for more funding

28
Q

with the medicalization approach, what model of addiction did they adopt?

A

disease model

29
Q

what did the disease model approach lead to?

A

harm reduction approach

30
Q

what triggered the harm reduction approach to start (what disease)?

A

AIDS

31
Q

what is the harm reduction approach?

A

policies, programs, and practices that aim to reduce the risks and harms associated with the use of psychoactive substances

32
Q

what drug was introduced in 2000 to help?

A

medicinal cannabis: pain management and seizures

33
Q

what was opened in 2003 to help with the harm reduction approach?

A

INSITE: safe injection sight
- make sure people are using fresh needles
- stephen harper closed it, but supreme court reopened
- first opened in vancouver

34
Q

what program was started in 2005 to aid the harm reduction approach?

A

NAOMI: heroin program
- users put in jail, used for year, or who have tried to get clean
- prescription made it so they were not criminilized, and when other factors about when / how to get the drug are minimized, hopefully they check themselves into rehab
- eventually cancelled

35
Q

what drug was legalized in 2018?

A

cannabis
- portugal was ahead
- forced that state to actually focus on the user

36
Q

how did the cannabis law in canada change from 1923 - 2018?

A

1923: cannabis made illegal (feared that since they made other drugs illegal, everyone would switch to this)
1936: first conviction for cannabis
1969: commission of inquiry began its work to decriminalize cannabis possession (did not go through)
1970: cannabis accounted for 90% drug convictions
2001: regulation introduced cannabis for medicinal reasons
2003 + 2004: decriminalization of cannabis possession bill fails because US said no
2018: cannabis legalized

37
Q

what did the indian hemp drugs commission state about cannabis use?

A

moderate use of cannabis produces practically no ill effects

38
Q

what did the le dain commission state in 1972 regarding drugs?

A

our laws are the problem
- more people break the law, more people have no respect for it
- divert law enforcement: bigger problems than drugs

39
Q

what happened with the case of terrance parker and medical marijuana in canada?

A

had epilipsy
many drugs failed to help him with his seizures
parker found marijuana reduced the number and intensity of seizures
1996: charged with possession of marijuana plants
2000: lawyers challenged conviction based on charter

40
Q

what is “a kernel of the truth”

A

depending on mental health state, cannabis can cause people to enter into a psychotic break

41
Q

what was claims-maker emily murphy’s opinion on weed?

A

did not approve of it

42
Q

what was the conflict between the ledain commission and RCMP?

A

ledain commission wanted decriminalization, RCMP did not
standard of living was so high, that kids born in the ledain revolted
RCMP complained about these hippies, as they were seen as potential communists

43
Q

what were the potential interest groups in regards to cannabis legalization?

A
  • police
  • pharmaceutical companies (wanted people to buy their drugs to make more money; anyone can grow weed)
  • companies (workers coming in high and working in dangerous positions)
  • politicians (hippies as threat to capitalism)
44
Q

in early drug laws in canada, what was the opium poppy (what drugs and side effects of them)?

A

morphine, heroin, medicinal opioid’s
highly addictive
can lead to extreme pleasure when high
extremely dangerous beyond tolerance level

45
Q

what did the opium act in 1908 do?

A

only prohibited opium prepared for smoking / smoking it
- only the chinese smoked it so it was definitely a race law

46
Q

was the opium act related to labor issues?

A

yes, lots of pressure to control the Chinese and attracted the Europeans

47
Q

was the opium act politically expedient?

A

yes, made the law to get up in the political world

48
Q

what is patent medicine?

A

over the counter medicine; nothing to do with owning

49
Q

what was the problem with the patent medicine sold for teething babies?

A

Sold as a remedy, FULL of morphine
Was promoted as something to use that was good
Children did die

50
Q

what was inthe patent medicine sold for cough?

A

alcohol, cannabis, chloroform
helped for sleep

51
Q

what moral panic was created regarding drug use?

A

what dangerous classes for specific drugs were and how they affect society

52
Q

what was the ‘problem’ drug for single mothers?

A

alcoholic husband / father

53
Q

drug use in general created a moral panic around who using them?

A

welfare moms
- would test hair strand
- woman kept getting false readings due to hairspray and lost her kids for 12 year

54
Q

how did they scapegoat (blame) drug use for public problems?
1. youth
2. liberal democracies
3. promote mass consumption

A
  1. youth unemployment attributed to drugs rather than lack of jobs
  2. liberal democracies not wanting to place laws on people because they wanted them to have self-control, but drug use led to loss of control
  3. government promote prescription drugs to make money, illicit drugs problematic because government did not make money
55
Q

what was bruce alexanders rat park studies?

A

two cages of rats: one with several rats and one with a rat by itself
2 water bottles per cage: one with heroin, one with water
several rat cage: did not drink much heroin
single rat cage: used too much heroin then died

56
Q

what was the conclusion of the rat park study?

A

addiction wasn’t caused by lack of willpower or biological difference in brains, the addiction comes from vulnerability (stress, depression, etc)

soc 224 (15 decks)

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