Objective Assessment

Question 1

What are AROM

Answer 1

Looking at functional movements rather than specific joints initially, function depends on patients ability, if patient is unable to move out of bed start assessment with bed mobility for getting dressed

Question 2

What is PROM

Answer 2

Movements produced by an external force during muscle inactivity

Question 3

What are we assessing on PROM

Answer 3

Do they appear anxious- pain, resistance to movement, where in movement do you feel resistance, feel for type of resistance- end feel may not be at end of ROM, muscle shortening, tone, feel for range, tone, pain response

Question 4

What are the types of sensory tests

Answer 4

Proprioceptive, light and blunt, 2 point sensation, light and deep, stereognosis

Question 5

What does sensory testing assess

Answer 5

Peripheral sensory pathway synapse in spinal cord, sensory tract in spinal cord synapse at thalamus, sensory tract to sensory cortex synapse at sensory cortex

Question 6

Why do you do passive movements slowly

Answer 6

Muscle spindle reacts quick to stretch golgi tendon responds to muscle tension, needs to be stretched until golgi tendon relaxes

Question 7

What do pacinian corpuscles respond too

In muscles and joints

Answer 7

Vibration pressure and pain

Question 8

What do ruffing endings and golgi type endings (in joints) respond to

Answer 8

Vibration, pressure and pain

Question 9

What would you test if someone had a spinal cord injury or a peripheral nerve injury

Answer 9

Test dermatomes which are areas of skin innervates by a spinal nerve

Question 10

What are some different types of co ordination testing

Answer 10

Finer to nose test, heel to shin test, this tests the cerebellum so anyone with issues with co ordination or balance

Question 11

What are deep tendon reflexes

Answer 11

Muscle spindle activation, elicited by a reflex hammer, patient/ muscle both relaxed, tendon put in slight stretch, adequate stimulus I.e brisk Tao to tendon, test 3-6 times, re enforcement, excitability of gamma motor neurones, muscle spindle sensitivity

Question 12

What are the principals for the management of abnormal tone

Answer 12

To maintain soft tissue length, to maintain joint alignment to prevent muscle shortening, to regain muscle length, regain muscle alignment

Question 13

Treatment options for abnormal tone

Answer 13

Passive and active stretching
Passive movements
Positioning
Massage