Balance Flashcards
What is balance
The static or dynamic equilibrium of the body relative to the support base as long as the centre of mass remains over the base of support balance is maintained, balance isn’t based on. A fixed set of equilibrium reflexes but on a flexible uncritical motos skill that can adapt with training and experience
What do we need for balance
Intact sensory receptors, intact PNS and CNS to transmit, receive and process sensory information
Intact CNS and PNS to initiate and produce motor output
Intact MSK info
What to know about balance
Sensory reception, vestibular vision, body awareness, proprioception
Why do we need sensory receptors
Carries 3 classes of information
Exteroceptive: pain, touch, temp, vision
Proprioceptive: body position, muscle, tendon, joint capsule
Intéroceptive: internal pain, unconscious sensation, from deep structures, vestibular
What are some types of receptors
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Joint kinaesthetic receptors
What’s the vestibular system
Located in the inner ear made up of 3 semi circles and oroliths, fluid in canals moves and stimulate hairs that send info along nerves
What are vestibular pathways
Synapse on vestibular nuclei in medulla and pons send info to cerebellum
What sensory pathways need to be intact
Dorsal columns- gracilis and cuneatus, touch, position and vibration
Spinothalamic- pain and temp
Spino cerebellum- proprioception
Why do you need intact sensory central processing
Sensory info goes to sensory cortex in parietal lobes, sensory cortex perceives different parts of the body In different place, sensory homunculus motor cortex in the back of the frontal lobe links with basal ganglia to produce movement
What’s motor output
Muscles, strength, power, tone
Why do we need intact motor pathways
Cortico spinal Vestibulospinal Reticulospinal Rubro spinal Tectospinal
What are some balance mechanisms
Steady state Reactive Compensatory Proactive Anticipatory
