Abnormal Tone Flashcards
How can you record abnormal tone
Modified ash worth scale, ROM, muscle strength, strength/ isometric testing
How does the modified ash worth scale grade spasticity
0= no increase in muscle tone
1- slight increase in tone, resistance end of range
1+- slight increase in tone, resistance through at least 1/2 range
2- marked increase in tone through most of ROM,m’affecter parts easily move
3- considerable increase in tone, pm difficult
4- affected parts rigid in flexion and extension
Why is assessment used
Essential to identify patients problems from their perspective, participatory and activity problems, essential to see what led to these problems, impairments such as pain, Rom, strength, sensory deficit, co ordination, tonal changes
Examples of sensory testing
Proprioceptive, Sharp and blunt, 2 point sensation , light and deep, stereognosis
What does sensory testing assess
Sensory receptors, peripheral sensory pathway (1st order neurone) synapse in spinal cord, sensory tract in spinal cord (2nd order neurone) synapse at thalamus, sensory tract from thalamus to sensory cortex (3rd order neurone) synapse at sensory cortex
Some of the sensory receptors and why you do passive movements slowly
Muscle spindle responds quick to stretch
Golgi tendon responds to muscle tension, needs to be stretched until golgi tendon relaxes
Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings- respond to vibration, pressure and pain
Ruffing endings and golgi type endings respond to vibration, pressure and pain
What responds to mechanical pressure in the skin
Merkel discs, meissner corpuscles, ruffini endings, pacinian corpuscles, free nerve endings
What does proprioception test in the spinal cord
Dorsal column crosses in medulla to thalamus to spinal cord
What does the sharp/blunt test in the spinal cord
Lateral spinothalamic crosses in spinal cord to thalamus
What does the 2 point sensation test in the spinal cord
Dorsal column crosses in medulla to thalamus to spinal cord
What does light touch test in the spinal cord
Dorsal column crosses In medulla to thalamus to spinal cord
When would you test dermatomes (an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root)
In a SCI and peripheral nerve injuries
What sensory assessment would you use for CVA or TBI
Fugl meyer or Nottingham sensory assessment
Examples of co ordination tests
Finger to nose test, heel to shin test,tests cerebellum, rapid movements
What’s co ordination
The ability to execute smooth, accurate controlled motor responses, characterised by appropriate speed, distance, direction, timing and muscle tension
