objective 2.8 Flashcards
The induction of immunity by administration of a vaccine or toxoid
(active immunization) or antiserum (passive immunization)
immunization
type of immunization that causes development of a
complete and long-lasting immunity to a certain infection through exposure of the
body to the associated disease antigen; it can be natural active immunization (ex:
having the disease) or artificial active immunization (ex: receiving a vaccine or
toxoid)
active immunization
Suspension of live, attenuated, or killed microorganisms that can
promote an artificially induced active immunity against a particular microorganism.
They are one type of active immunizing drug (ex: tetanus vaccine).
vaccines
Immunoglobulin molecules that have an antigen-specific amino acid sequence
and are synthesized by the humoral response system (B cells) in response to exposure to a
specific antigen; their purpose is to attack and destroy molecules of this antigen
antibodies
The amount of an antibody needed to reach with and neutralize a given volume of a
specific antigen
titre
Substances, usually proteins and usually foreign to a host, that stimulate the
production of antibodies and that react specifically with those antibodies; examples
include bacterial exotoxins and viruses. An allergen (ex. Dust, pollen, mould) is an antigen
that can produce an immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction or allergy
antigens
A specific antigen causes the body to produce a specific
antibody that reacts specifically with that antigen
antigen-antibody response
Substances of biological origin used to prevent,
treat, or cure infectious diseases (ex: vaccines, toxoids, immunoglobulins); these
drugs are often simply referred to as biologics
biological antimicrobial drugs
A repeat dose of an antigen, such as a vaccine or toxoid, usually
administered in an amount smaller than that used in the original immunization,
given to maintain the immune response of a previously immunized patient at, or
return the response to, a clinically effective level
booster shot
Resistance to a disease on the part of an entire community or
population because a large proportion of its members are immune to the disease
herd immunity
Any poison produced by a plant, animal, or microorganism that is highly
toxic to other living organisms
toxin
Bacterial exotoxins that are modified or inactivated (by chemicals or heat)
so that they are no longer toxic but can still bind to host B cells in order to stimulate
the formation of antitoxin; toxoids are often used in the same manner as vaccines
to promote artificial active immunity in humans. They are one type of active
immunizing drug (ex: tetanus toxoid)
toxoids
refers to the ability of the body to identify and
resists microorganisms that are potentially harmful
immunity
́Antigens are foreign proteins from an invading organism.
́Specific information is imprinted into a cellular “memory
bank” of the immune system
́The body can then effectively fight any future invasion by
that same organism by mounting an immune response.
immune response
́The body is exposed to a relatively harmless form of an antigen,
e.g. vaccine.
́The immune system is stimulated and “remembers” this antigen
if subsequent exposures occur (produces antibodies)
́The antigen does not cause a full-blown infection
artificial active immunization
