objective 2.2 (pt 1) (2) Flashcards
inhibit or block stimulation of the (SNS).
These drugs have the opposite effect of adrenergic drugs and inhibit sympathetic stimulation.
Also known as: Adrenergic antagonists, α-blockers, β-blockers, α-β– blockers, and sympatholytics.
These, therefore work to block:
α1 - and α2 -receptors
β1 - and β2 -receptors
adrenergic blockers
Stimulation of α1 and α2 - Adrenergic receptors causes vasoconstriction
This means alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptor blockers do the opposite and cause vasodilation and smooth muscle relaxation causing a decrease in BP and HTN
Used to treat Raynauds’ Disease, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and frostbite
(alpha) α-blockers
what are the AE of (alpha) α-blockers?
Cardiovascular: Palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, edema, chest pain
Central nervous system: Dizziness, headache, anxiety, depression, weakness, numbness, fatigue
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain
Other: Incontinence, dry mouth, pharyngitis
what are examples of common α-Blockers ?
Phentolamine mesylate (Rogitine)
Terazosin hydrochloride (Hytrin)
Doxazosin mesylate (Cardura)
Prazosin hydrochloride (Minipress)
is an α-Blocker that reduces systemic vascular resistance and is sometimes used to treat HTN.
Contraindicated in known hypersensitivity, myocardial infarction (MI), and coronary artery disease
phentolamine
α-Blocker used primarily to treat BPH; exclusively indicated for male patients.
Contraindications: known drug allergy and concurrent use of erectile dysfunction drugs such as sildenafil
Adverse effects: headache, abnormal ejaculation, rhinitis
tamsulosin (Flomax®)
block stimulation of β-receptors in the SNS and compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine.
β1 - receptors are found mainly in the heart.
β2 -receptors are found in the smooth muscle receptors of the bronchioles and blood vessels.
β-blockers
what is the MOA of cardio selective β-blockers?
Reduce SNS stimulation of the heart
Decrease heart rate
Prolong sinoatrial node recovery
Slow conduction rate through the atrioventricular (AV) node
Decrease myocardial contractility, thus reducing myocardial oxygen demand
what are the MOA of nonselective β-blockers?
Cause same effects on heart as do cardioselective ß-blockers
Constrict bronchioles, resulting in narrowing of airways and shortness of breath
Produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Other effects
what are the indications of β-blockers?
Angina, MI: Decrease demand for myocardial oxygen – therefore works in the treatment of angina and reduces the risk of an MI.
HTN: block SNS mediated vasocontriction.
Dysrhythmias: alter and slow conduction of electrical impulses.
Migraine headache: can enter the CNS and cause vasoconstriction of dilated cerebral blood vessels.
Glaucoma (topical use as drops)
what are the AE of β-blockers?
Some β-blockers may interfere with normal responses to hypoglycemia (tremor, tachycardia, nervousness).
May mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
Use with caution in patients with DM
what are examples of nonselective β-Blockers ?
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Labetalol (trandate)
Sotalol (rylosol)
Propranolol (inderal)
Nadolol (nadol)
**Notice all end in ‘lol’
what are examples of cardioselevtive β-Blockers?
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Bisoprolol (Monocor)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
lowers HR for angina prevention though will drop BP to some degree
metoprolol
Commonly used to prevent future heart attacks in patients who have had one attack
Hypertension and angina
Management of thyrotoxicosis to help block the symptoms of excessive thyroid activity
Available for oral use
atenolol
