objective 2.2 (pt.2) (3) Flashcards
when the heart is unable to pump blood in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet the bodys metabolic needs
HF
what are the causes of HF?
A heart defect
A defect outside the heart
what does myocardial deficient cause?
Inadequate contractility caused by an MI, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, or valvular insufficiency
Inadequate filling caused by atrial filribillation (AF), infection, tamponade, or ischemia
Pulmonary edema
Coughing
SOB
Dyspnea
left sided HF
Systemic venous congestion
Pedal edema
Jugular veins distention
Ascites
Hepatic congestion
right sided HF
what are drug therapies for HF?
Positive inotropic drugs:
Positive chronotropic drugs:
Positive dromotropic drugs:
increase the force of myocardial contraction
positive inotropic drugs
increase HR
positive chronotropic drugs
accelerate cardiac conduction
positive dromotropic drugs
prevent sodium and wtr resorption by inhibiting aldolsterone secretion
Diuresis results, which decreases preload and the work of the heart
Lisinopril is used in HTN, HF, and acute MI causes hyperkalemia, cry cough and decreased renal function
ACE inhibitors
are potent vasodilators and decrease systemic vascular resistance
Used alone or incombo with other drugs such as diuretics in the treatment of HTN or HF
ARBs
similar AE as lisinopril, not as likely to cause the cough like ACE inhibitors, not as likely to cause hyperkalemia
valsartan
prevent catecholamine-mediated actions on the heart by reducing or blocking sympathetic nervous system stimulation to the heart and the hearts condition system
cardioprotective quality of B blockers
Blocks aldosterone therefore lessens retention of sodium and water, edema, and HF symptoms
Useful in severe stages of HF
aldosterone antagonists
potassium -sparing diuretic (keep potassium in the body) but helps body excrete excess fluid
spironolactone
