objective 2.2 (pt.3) (3) Flashcards
function as an energy source and are stored in adipose tissue
triglycerides
used to make steroid hormones, cell membranes, and bile
cholesterol
what are the 2 primary forms of lipids in the blood?
triglycerides
cholesterol
An accumulation in the blood can lead to hypercholesterolemia
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Also known as “good cholesterol”
Responsible for recycling of cholesterol
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
what are the classes of drugs used to control dyslipidemia?
statins
bile acid sequestrants
nicotine acid/niacin
fibric acid derivatives
First-line therapy for hypercholesterolemia
Reduces LDL cholesterol
Decreases triglycerides
Increases in HDL cholesterol
They inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which is used by the liver to produce cholesterol which lowers the rate of cholesterol production
Most potent LDL reducers: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin
statins
what are the AE of statins?
Mild GI disturbances
Rash
Headache
Not for pts with elevated liver enzymes or liver disease
Myopathy (muscle pain), possibly leading to rhabomyolysis
what are the interactions of statins?
Oral anticoagulants
Drugs metabolized by CYP3A4: erythromycin, azole antifungals, verapamil hydrochloride, diltiazem hydrochloride
Grapefruit juice
Two of the most commonly used drugs in this class of cholesterol-lowering drugs
Lowers total and LDL cholesterol levels as well as triglyceride levels and raises “good” cholesterol, the HDL component
Dosed once daily, usually with the evening meal or at bedtime
atorvastatin and simvastatin
Prevent resorption of bile acids from the small intestine
Bile acids are necessary for absorption of cholesterol
May be used with statins
bile acid sequestrants
what are the AE of bile acid sequestrants?
Constipation
Heartburn, nausea, belching, bloating
Drug interactions:
**all drugs must be taken at least 1 hr before or 4-6 hrs after the admin of bile acid sequestrants
what are the considerations of bile acid sequestrants>
Overdose can cause obstruction because the bile acid sequestrants are not absorbed
Treatment of overdose includes restoring gut motility
what are the drug interactions of bile acid sequestrants?
All drugs must be taken at least 1 hr before or 4-6 hrs after the admin of bile acid sequestrants
High doses of a bile acid sequestrant decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E, and K)
All drugs must be taken at least 1 hr before or 4-6 hrs after the admin of bile acid sequestrants
High doses of a bile acid sequestrant decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E, and K)
nicotine acid/niacin - vit B3
