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Pharm II > objective 2.2 (pt.1) (1) > Flashcards

objective 2.2 (pt.1) (1) Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that stimulate the SNS

A

adrenergic drugs

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2
Q

what are the adrenergic drug characteristics?

A

norepinephrine
epinphrine
dopamine

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3
Q

located throughout the body
are receptors for the sympathetic neurotransmitters

A

adrenergic receptors

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4
Q

what are the adrenergic receptors?

A

α-Adrenergic receptors
ß-Adrenergic receptors
Dopaminergic receptors

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5
Q

what are the two groups of α-Adrenergic receptors?

A

α1 - and α2 -receptors

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6
Q

Located on postsynaptic effector cells (the cell, muscle, or organ the nerve stimulates)

A

α1 -Adrenergic receptors

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7
Q

Located on presynaptic nerve terminals (the nerve that stimulates the effector cells)

A

α2 -Adrenergic receptors

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8
Q

Vasoconstriction & Central nervous system (CNS) stimulation

A

α-Adrenergic Agonist Responses

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9
Q

all are located on the postsynaptic effector cells

A

ꞵ-Adregergic receptors

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10
Q

what are the types of ꞵ-Adregergic receptors?

A

ß1 -Adrenergic receptors
ß2 -Adrenergic receptors

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11
Q

located primarily in the heart

A

ß1 -Adrenergic receptors

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12
Q

located in smooth muscle of the bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs

A

ß2 -Adrenergic receptors

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13
Q

Binds directly to the receptor and causes a physiological response

A

direct-acting sympathomimetic

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14
Q

Causes release of catecholamine from storage sites (vesicles) in nerve endings
Catecholamine then binds to receptors and causes a physiological response.

A

indirect-acting sympathomimetic

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15
Q

Directly stimulates the receptor by binding to it
Indirectly stimulates the receptor by causing the release of stored neurotransmitters from vesicles in the nerve endings

A

mixed-acting sympathomimetic

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16
Q

what does stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscles results in?

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels; Relaxation of GI smooth muscles (decreased motility); Constriction of bladder sphincter; Contraction of uterus; Male ejaculation; Contraction of pupillary muscles of the eye (dilated pupils)

17
Q

what does stimulation of ß1 -adrenergic receptors on the myocardium, atrioventricular (AV) node, and sinoatrial node (SA) result in?

A

Increased force of contraction; Increased heart rate; Increased conduction through AV node

18
Q

what does stimulation of ß2 -adrenergic receptors on the airways result in?

A

bronchodilation (relaxation of the bronchi).
Other effects of ß2 -adrenergic stimulation: Uterine relaxation; Glycogenolysis in the liver; Increased renin secretion in the kidneys; Relaxation of GI smooth muscles (decreased motility)

19
Q

drugs that stimulate ß2 -adrenergic receptors of bronchial smooth muscles, causing relaxation, resulting in bronchodilation

A

bronchodilators

20
Q

how do we treat asthma and bronchitis?

A

bronchodilators

21
Q

what are common bronchodilators?

A

formoterol fumurate dihydrate, salbutamol, salmeterol, xinafoate, and terbutaline sulphate.

22
Q

how do we treat nasal congestion?

A

Intranasal (topical) application
α1 -Adrenergic receptors

23
Q

causes constriction of dilated arterioles and reduction of nasal blood flow, thus decreasing congestion.

A

intranasal (topical) application

24
Q

what are examples of intranasal (topical) application?

A

oxymetazoline hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride

25
Q

what can α-Adrenergic receptors also be used to treat?

A

open-angle glaucoma
temporary relief of conjunctival congestion

26
Q

Also called cardioselective sympathomimetics.
Used to support the heart during cardiac failure or shock; various α- and ß-receptors affected.

A

vasoactive sympathomimetics

27
Q

what are examples of vasoactive sympathomimetics?

A

Dobutamine
Dopamine
Midodrine
Epinephrine
Phenylephrine
Norepinephrine

28
Q

Stimulates ß1 -receptors on heart muscle (myocardium); increases cardiac output by increasing contractility (positive inotropy), which increases stroke volume, especially in patients with heart failure.
Intravenous drug; given by continuous infusion

A

dobutamine hydrochloride

29
Q

Naturally occurring catecholamine neurotransmitter, Potent dopaminergic as well as ß1 - and α1 -adrenergic receptor activity, Low dosages: can dilate blood vessels in the brain, heart, kidneys, and mesentery, which increases blood flow to these areas (dopaminergic receptor activity), Higher infusion rates: improve cardiac contractility and output (ß1 -adrenergic receptor activity) , Highest doses: vasoconstriction (α1 -adrenergic receptor activity)

A

dopamine hydrochloride

30
Q

Acts directly on both the α- and ß- receptors of tissues , Administered in emergency situations, One of the primary vasoactive drugs used in many advanced cardiac life support protocols.

A

epinephrine hydrochloride

31
Q

Stimulates α-adrenergic receptors, Causes vasoconstriction, Direct-stimulating ß-adrenergic effects on the heart (ß1 -adrenergic receptors), No stimulation to ß2 -adrenergic receptors of the lung, Treatment of hypotension and shock, Administered by continuous infusion

A

norepinephrine betartrate

32
Q

what are the AE of α-Adrenergic drugs?

A

CNS: Headache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria
Cardiovascular: Palpitations (dysrhythmias), tachycardia, vasoconstriction, hypertension
Other: Loss of appetite, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, taste changes (rare)

33
Q

what are the AE of ß-Adrenergic drugs?

A

CNS: Mild tremors, headache, nervousness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria
Cardiovascular: Chest pain, increased heart rate, palpitations (dysrhythmias), hypertension, vasoconstriction
Other: Sweating, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps

33
Q

what are the interactions of adrenergic drugs?

A

Anaesthetic drugs
Digoxin
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Antihistamines
Thyroid preparations

Pharm II (22 decks)

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