objective 10.4 (1) Flashcards
- a “cold” Aka coryza
- The virus causes inflammation & edema of upper
respiratory tract. - most common RTI
- spreads easily by sneezing, coughing, or direct
contact (contaminated fingers to the eyes, mouth) - PREVENTION … GOOD HANDWASHING
nasopharyngitis
what are the S&S of nasopharyngitis?
nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, fever
(as high as 40 degrees Celsius)
what is the treatment of nasopharyngitis?
No cure, simple symptomatic relief…
rest
clear airways
adequate fluid intake
prevention of fever
skin care
NOTE: antibiotics are NOT effective against the
common cold!
No cure, simple symptomatic relief…
rest
clear airways
adequate fluid intake
prevention of fever
skin care
NOTE: antibiotics are NOT effective against the
common cold!
croup syndrome
preceded by mild upper resp infection
manifested by:
Edema, destruction of resp cilia, & exudate resulting in resp
obs
Barking cough & stridor develops followed by S&S’s resp
distress
Can lead to airway obstruction, acute respiratory failure &
hypoxia
acute croup
what is the treatment and nursing care for croup?
◦Increased humidity or mist tent
◦Nebulization therapy
◦IV fluids (prevent dehydration, dec risk of
vomiting/aspiration
◦Cardio-respiratory monitoring and frequent V/S.
◦Oxygen therapy (maintain levels above 90%)
◦Steroidal therapy for inflammation and nebulized
epinephrine for symptoms of obstruction.
◦No opioids
◦Common, most kids have had this by two years ( single, most
imp. Pathogen in infancy & early childhood)
◦Presents as mild cold like symptoms for adults and older
children
◦Can be more serious in young babies especially high risk groups
◦Can live on objects for 6 hrs (ex. Soap bars, Used tissue)
RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus)
what are the S&S of RSV?
Initially- A low-grade fever,
cough, and rhinorrhea
(running nose) gradually
progress to respiratory
distress.
classic symptoms
(tachypnea, cyanosis, air
hungry)
what is the treatment and nsg care for RSV?
Contact isolation
Report tachypnea & tachycardia
(hypoxemia)
Auscultate breath sounds
(report wheezing, rales.
& rhonchi)
I & O
Keep O2 sats > 90%
Weigh daily
Antiviral meds for severely ill
infants
what are the symptoms of tonsillitis?
difficulty swallowing and breathing
what are the symptoms of adenoiditis?
block nasal passage resulting in mouth breathing
what is the nsg care and treatment for tonsillitis and adenoiditis?
Nursing care: provide cool mist vaporizer, salt water gargles, throat
lozenges (if age-appropriate); cool, liquid diet; and acetaminophen
Treatment: removal of the tonsils and adenoids not recommended
if under 3 years of age
Syndrome caused by increased
responsiveness of the
tracheobronchial tree to various
stimuli that result in irreversible,
intermittent constriction of the
airways
Can have narrowing of airway
leading to impaired gas exchange
which is caused by 4 components
of ____.
asthma
what are asthma triggers?
Dust
Food
Passive smoking
Vigorous physical activity
Emotional upset
Rapid changes in
temperature
Continued severe respiratory distress that is not responsive
to drugs , including epinephrine & aminophylline.
MEDICAL EMERGENCY…ICU
status asthmaticus
what are the things to minimize the life threatening occurrences of status asthmaticus?
Following medical regime, promptly seeking medical attention
when required, minimize exposure to allergens, Wear a medical
alert bracelet, and have a written plan for crisis management.
what are the S&S of asthma?
May begin slowly or abruptly
Mild, Moderate or severe
Cough, wheezes and diff
breathing
Nasal flaring, use of
accessory muscles
Restlessness, pulse
and resp are increased
what is the treatment and nsg care for asthma?
Avoid triggers
Oxygen, Medications
(nebulizers, Puffers)
Oral fluids increased, Well
balanced Diet
what does chronic asthma look like?
Discoloration under eyes
Slight eyelid Eczema
Mouth Breathing
Inherited recessive trait, with both
parents carrying a gene for the
disease
Basic defect is an exocrine gland
dysfunction that includes
Increased viscosity (thickness)
of mucous gland secretions
A loss of electrolytes in sweat
because of an abnormal chloride
movement
cystic fibrosis
what does the thick, viscid secretions of cystic fibrosis affect?
Respiratory system
Digestive System (Pancreas)
Skin & nails (sweat glands)
Reproductive System
Cardiovascular System
what is the nursing care for cystic fibrosis?
Oxygen therapy
Antibiotic therapy
Aerosol therapy
Use of inhalers
Postural drainage
Breathing exercises
Prevention of infection is
essential
Oral
pancreatic preparations
are given to help child to
digest and absorb food
Diet should be high
in protein and calories
Free access to salt
Sudden unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year, Death occurs
during sleep with no cries of distress. “Crib Death”
Peaks between 2-4 months of age.
6.6x greater chance if infants sleeps on stomach and then bac
sudden infant death syndrome SIDS
what are the risk factors of SIDS?
Males, preterm, indigenous population
Maternal smoking or cocaine use causing hypoxia of the fetus.
Poor neonatal care
Facedown sleeping position causing rebreathing of expired air or
airway occlusion.
Surgical opening in
trachea enabling child
to breathe
tracheostomy
what are the conditions that require traacheostomy?
Epiglottitis
Head injury
Burns
what are the S&S of respiratory distress?
◦Increase pulse rate and respirations
◦Restlessness
◦Flaring nares
◦Intercostal and substernal retractions
◦Cyanosis
◦Children with dyspnea often vomit, which increases
the danger of aspiration
◦Usually plastic or silastic
◦Cuffed tubes usually NOT
used
◦Tubes used on children
usually do not have inner
cannula
tracheostomy tubes
◦Treated as surgical wound
◦Keep Free of secretions (Minimize risk of infection)
◦Tapes around neck should be clean, dry & loose
enough allowing 1 finger to be easily inserted
◦Assess skin under tape
◦Always use 2 nurses when changing tapes
tracheal stoma
