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Year 2 > obesity and oral health COPY > Flashcards

obesity and oral health COPY Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number of obese people in developed countries

A

over 400 million world wide

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2
Q

what is obesity linked to

A

CVD
cancer
type 2 diabetes

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3
Q

how much more likely are obese people in suffering from hypertension

A

5x more likely

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4
Q

how much more likely are obese people in suffering from stroke and cardiac failure

A

increased risk

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5
Q

how much more likely are obese people in suffering from diabetes

A

increasing number of children affected

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6
Q

what do we also have an increased risk of with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes

A

retinopathy

and hepatitis

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7
Q

what other issues do we see in relation to obesity

A

respiratory

orthopaedic

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8
Q

how much percentage of cancers are linked due to obesity in non smokers

A

10%

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9
Q

what is obesity

A

excessive adipose tissue- body fat in central adiposity

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10
Q

how is obesity measured

A

duel energy x ray absorptiometry
bioelectric impedance analysis
skinfold thickness
BMi

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11
Q

what is BMI

A

body mass index

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12
Q

describe BMI

A

epidemiological tool- not reliable for individual assessment
height to waist ratio and hip to waist ratio

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13
Q

what is a better tool than BMI

A

height to waist ratio and hip to waist ratio

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14
Q

how is obesity defined in adults

A

kg/m2
25-29.9 overweight
BMI of 30 or more is obese
BMI of 40 or more is morbidly obese

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15
Q

how is obesity defined in children

A

set the childrens BMI again standard growth charts

we use 1990 charts

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16
Q

what is the pattern of childrens BMI change

A

rises from birth till age of 9 months

then falls until about 7 years

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17
Q

which children’s growth chart do we use in the UK

A

1990 growth chart

18
Q

where is the cut off line for children overweight status used by clinicians

A

greater than 91st centile

19
Q

where is the cut off line for children obese status used by clinicians

A

98th centile

20
Q

what are the causes of obesity

A

diet
physical activity
genetics and endocrine abnormalities

21
Q

what are major foods that causes in obesity

A

high consumption energy dense food and drinks

high consumption of sugar sweetened drinks

22
Q

what is important in regards to physical activity

A

hours of tv watching and sedentary life-style

23
Q

what can be some genetic factors for obesity

A

prader willi syndrome
cushing syndrome
metabolic syndrome
growth and thyroid deficiency

24
Q

what is leptin

A

a hormone made by enterocytes and adipose cells which helps diminish hunger and dimities fat stores

25
Q

what is the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2014-2015

in reception

A

1 in 5 children in reception are overweight or obese

26
Q

what is the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2014-2015 in year 6 children

A

1 in 3 children

27
Q

which ethnic group is the highest in obesity prevalence in reception ages

A

the black African ethnic group(16%)

followed by bangladeshi groups

28
Q

describe the links between socioeconomic factors and obesity

A

higher in areas of deprivation and higher amongst some ethnic minority groups

29
Q

how does obesity trends look like in US adults in 1995

A

many states are 15-19% obese or overweight and this continues to greatly increase- dark red more than 30%

30
Q

how does obesity trends look like in US adults in 2005

A

continues to greatly increase- dark red in many states indicates more than 30%

31
Q

which country rates the highest for europes obesity league

A

24.9% obesity

32
Q

what is the link between obesity and oral health

A

caries
oral cancer
diabetes

33
Q

is there a link between caries and obesity in children

A

weak association or none between caries and obesity(2006) but this means that study didn’t find evidence but doesn’t mean there cannot be a link

34
Q

what did the study in 2017 show in Germany

A

that children with a high BMI have a higher rate of DMFT

35
Q

when was first report of the link between obesity and periodontal disease discovered

A

1977 using a rat model

36
Q

what was seen in humans in 2003 regarding perio disease and obesity

A

an survey of 13665 found that overall abdominal obesity are associated with increased prevalence of Perio disease

37
Q

what is diabetes a risk factor for

A

periodontal disease

38
Q

what is the possible mechanism for diabetics having an increased risk perio disease

A

increased secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue

39
Q

what do we need to tell diabetic patients

A

that they are at high risk of having periodontitis

and if they have periodontitis their glycemic control may be difficult and can be at risk of CVD and kidney disease

40
Q

what should people with type 1 type 2 and gestational diabetes have

A

comprehensive perio evaluation and proper management

41
Q

what can be some problems with obesity and dental treatment

A

access to the surgery- stairs
dental chairs have a weight limit if the chair is bolted down to the floor - 160kg
access to oral cavity

Year 2 (20 decks)

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