Blood Flashcards
why do we need to know ab blood?
- patients have numerous morbidities, understand their MH (especially clotting, meds they are on)
what is blood made of?
formed elements= all the cells + buffy coat
plasma
what does blood transport?
- waste products (urea)
- hormones
- nutrients
- delivers o2 + removes co2
what does blood maintain?
- temp
- PH
- fluid volume (homeostasis)
what does blood protect us from?
- fluid loss (platelets- clotting)
- infection (leukocytes, antibodies produced by Leukocytes)
what does plasma do?
transports everything going around the body
what does plasma contain?
- 90% water
- 8% solutes
- gas
- electrolytes
- organic nutrients
- hormones
- metabolic waste
proteins plasma contains:
- albumin (60%) alpha
- a + b globulins
- gamma globulins
- fibrinogens (clotting)
which organic nutrients does plasma transport?
- carbs
- amino acids
- lipids
- vitamins
which metabolic waste does plasma transport?
co2
urea
how do we produce different cells?
our body pushes hemocytoblasts to go down a particular differential pathway depending on what our body needs
how does our body push hemocytoblasts?
through hormones and growth factors
all formed elements come from?
hemocytoblasts- PHSC
pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell
what is haematopoiesis?
formation of blood cells
different pathways which produce different cells:
most blood cells= white blood cells
what does haemoglobin transport?
respiratory gases
why do are erythrocytes anucleate + lackmitochondria?
+ room for haemoglobin
how are erythrocytes adapted for respiratory gases exchange
they (7.5 nanometres) squeeze through capillaries (8 nanometres)
+ surface area in contact with capillary wall for exchange to take place
why are erythrocytes biconcave?
+ SA
+ flexibility
how are erythrocytes produced?
via haematopoiesis in bone
where are erythrocytes produced? (4)
- pelvis
- cranium
- vertebrae
- sternum
life span of erythrocytes?
100-120 days
how are erythrocytes destroyed?
by macrophages
where are erythrocytes destroyed? (3)
- spleen
- liver
- bone marrow
diff types of haemoglobin?
HbA- dominant
HbA2 - found in small amount
HbF (body makes small amount) after birth but mainly fetal haemoglobin
what is HbF replaced with after birth?
HbA
when haemoglobin = oxygenated, what colour is it?
red
when haemoglobin = deoxygenated, what colour is it?
purple/ blue
structure of haemoglobin?
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
= predominantly globulin (protein)
4 small haem groups= only contribute to 4% weight
structure of haem?
ring like organic compound = PORPHYRIN
where does fe fit into haemoglobin?
sits in porphyrin
how are red blood cells made?
erythropoiesis
