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Year 2 > Anatomy And Function Of The Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy And Function Of The Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive tracts? 4

A
  1. Transport of food stuff
  2. Breakdown of food stuff
  3. Absorption of sugars, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals and water
  4. Excretion of waste
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2
Q

What can the digestive tract also be called?

A

The gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

Describe what the GI tract essentially is

A

It’s a long muscular tube

Organs empty secretions into the tract at various points

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4
Q

Name the 6 major subdivisions of the digestive tracts

A
  1. Oral cavity, teeth and tongue
  2. Pharynx
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Small intestine
  6. Large intestine
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5
Q

Name the 4 accessory subdivisions of the digestive tract

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Liver
  3. Gall bladder
  4. Pancreas
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6
Q

What is the function of the Ora cavity in digestion

A

Mechanical processing
Moistening
Mixing with salivary secretions

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7
Q

What is the function of the pharynx in digestion

A

Muscular propulsion of materials into the oesophagus

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8
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus in digestion

A

Transport of materials into the stomach

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9
Q

What is the function of the stomach in digestion

A

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes

Mechanical processing through muscular contraction

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10
Q

What is the function of the small intestine in digestion

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substances, vitamins and ions

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11
Q

What is the function of the large intestine in digestion

A

Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substances, vitamins and ions

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12
Q

What is e function of the salivary glands in digestion

A

Secretes lubricating fluids containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates

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13
Q

What is the function of the liver in digestion

A

Secretes bile

Stores nutrients

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14
Q

What is bile an essential element for?

A

Lipid digestion

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15
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder in digestion

A

Storage and concentration of bile

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16
Q

What is the function of the pancreas in digestion

A

Exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes

Endocrine cells secrete hormones

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17
Q

List the parts of the GI tube from most to least proximal

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine
  5. Large intestine
  6. Rectum
  7. Anus
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18
Q

Name the three glands found in the oral cavity

A
  1. Parotid gland
  2. Submandibular gland
  3. Sublingual gland
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19
Q

Where does the parotid gland sit?

A

Gland lies in front of the ear

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20
Q

Where does the submandibular gland sit?

A

Deep in the mouth below the mandible

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21
Q

Where does the sublingual gland sit?

A

Located under the tongue

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22
Q

What clues can the oral cavity give to suggest a person may have a GI/ systemic disease

A
  1. Decay
  2. Ulceration
  3. Abscesses
  4. Soften teeth / erosion
  5. Discolouration of teeth
  6. Oral thrush
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23
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A

It is a muscular tube which connects the mouth to the stomach

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24
Q

What is the oesophagus made up of?

A

Smooth muscle

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25
Q

What does smooth muscle do in the oesophagus?

A

Smooth muscle contracts to move the bolus of food along the oesophagus towards the stomach

26
Q

Where does the oesophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

At T10

27
Q

Describe the stomach

A

It is a muscular J shaped bag

It connects the oesophagus to the small intestine

28
Q

Describe the Inner surface of the stomach

A

Has muscular folds called Rague

29
Q

What are muscular folds in the stomach called?

A

Rugae

30
Q

What are the man in functions of the stomach?

A
  1. Mechanical digestion (churning and turning the food from solid to liquid)
  2. Chemical digestion (enzyme secretion)
  3. Acid secretion and antibacterial action
31
Q

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine

A
  1. Duodenum (proximal)
  2. Jejunum (middle)
  3. Ilium (distal)
32
Q

How is the small intestine attached to the body wall?

A

By mesentery

33
Q

Describe the Duodenum

A

It is the first part of the small intestine

It receives secretions from the pancreas as well as bile from the gall bladder to aid digestion

34
Q

Where does the duodenum receive secretion from?

A

The pancreas and bile from the gall bladder

35
Q

Describe the jejunum

A

It is the second part of the small intestine

36
Q

Describe the ileum

A

It is the third and final part of the small intestine

37
Q

Describe the inner surface of the small intestine

A

It is highly folded with villi

38
Q

What is the large intestine sometimes referred to as?

A

The colon

39
Q

What does the large intestine connect

A

The small intestine to the rectum

40
Q

Name the parts of the small intestine from most to least proximal

A
  1. Caecum
  2. Ascending colon
  3. Transverse colon
  4. Descending colon
  5. Sigmoid colon
41
Q

What are the 4 sections of the pancreas

A
  1. Head
  2. Neck
  3. Body
  4. Tail
42
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Secretes enzymes into the duodenum for protein digestion

Secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control

43
Q

Name the parts the 4 lobes that make up the liver

A
  1. Right
  2. Left
  3. Quadrate
  4. Caudate
44
Q

What are the functions of the liver

A
  1. Bile production
  2. Detox of alcohol and drugs
  3. Albumin production
  4. Clotting factors
  5. Storage of glycogen
45
Q

What does albumin do?

A

It is the main protein that makes up blood plasma

46
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Stores and secretes bile in to the duodenum

Emulsifies fats

47
Q

What makes up the portal triad

A
  1. Bile Duct
  2. Hepatic Artery Proper
  3. Hepatic Portal Vein
48
Q

What are the peritoneum?

A

Membraned of the abdomino-pelvic cavity

49
Q

Name the two types of peritoneum

A
  1. Visceral peritoneum

2. Parietal peritoneum

50
Q

What does the Visceral peritoneum cover?

A

It covers the sternal surfaces of most digestive organs

51
Q

What does the partial peritoneum cover?

A

Lies the inner body walls

52
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

53
Q

What does the peritoneal fluid do?

A

Helps with lubrication in the cavity

54
Q

What do 2 layers of visceral peritoneum form?

A

They come together to form a mesentery

55
Q

What does a mesentery do?

A

It attaches an organ to the posterior abdominal wall and measured the organ can be mobilised

56
Q

An organ attached to a mesentery is describes as being what?

A

The organ is intraperitoneal

57
Q

What happens if the visceral peritoneum runs over the organ?

A

Th organ will be anchored to he posterior abdominal wall and be considered retroperitoneal

58
Q

Name the two types of Omentum

A
  1. Greater Omentum

2. Lesser Omentum

59
Q

Where does the greater Omentum hang?

A

Hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach, covering thug tract

60
Q

What is the greater Omentum?

A

It is a large fold visceral peritoneum

61
Q

What does the greater Omentumdo?

A

It provides protection to the GI tract

62
Q

Where is the lesser Omentum found?

A

It connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Year 2 (20 decks)

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