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Year 2 > Obesity and oral health > Flashcards

Obesity and oral health Flashcards

1
Q

Name some diseases obesity is linked to

A
  1. Cardiovascular disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Type 2 diabetes
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2
Q

What risks are associated with cardiovascular disease

A
  1. Increases risk of hypertension by 5 times

2. Increases risk of stroke an cardiac failure

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3
Q

How does obesity affect cancer?

A
  1. 10% of all cancer deaths in non smokers is influenced by obesity
  2. Obesity influences 30% of cervical cancer deaths
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4
Q

What is obesity?

A

It is excessive adiposity – body fat (mostly around the middle)

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5
Q

How is obesity and adiposity measured?

A

BY:

  1. Dural energy x ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
  2. Bioelectric impedance analysis
  3. Skin fold thickness
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6
Q

Name some more common ways of assessing obesity

A
  1. Body mass index (BMI)
  2. Height to waist ratio
  3. Hip to waist ratio
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7
Q

What are the problems associated with BMI?

A

It is an epidemiological tool, not reliable for individual assessment.

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8
Q

How do we define obesity for adults?

A

By using BMI:
BMI 25 - 29.9 is overweight (pre-obese)
BMI of 30 or more is obesity
BMI of 40 or more is morbid obesity

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9
Q

What qualifies as morbid obesity?

A

Anyone with a BMI of 40 or more

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10
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

Weight/ Height^2

Weight (Kg)
Height (m)

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11
Q

Describe how the BMI of a child changes in their early life

A
  1. BMI rises from birth until 9 months
  2. Then falls until about 7 years
  3. Then rises again
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12
Q

How do we assess obesity in children?

A

By using the 1990 chart

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13
Q

How is the 1990 chart used to assess obesity in children

A

For individual children clinicians have used >91st centile for overweight and >98th centile for obese.

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14
Q

What causes obesity?

A
  1. Diet
  2. Physical activity
  3. Genetics and endocrine anomalies
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15
Q

What links have been found between diet and obesity

A
  1. High consumption of energy dense foods and drink increases risk of obesity
  2. High consumption of sugar sweetened drink increases risk of obesity
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16
Q

Name some genetic conditions that may contribute to obesity

A
  1. Prader Willi syndrome
  2. Crushing syndrome
  3. Metabolic syndrome
  4. Leptin
  5. Growth and thyroid deficiency
17
Q

Is genetics a prominent factor for causing obesity?

A

No it is only related to less than 5% of obese individuals

18
Q

How do socio economic and ethnic factors affect obesity?

A
  1. Obesity is higher in deprived areas

2. Obesity is higher amongst some ethnic minority groups

19
Q

What is the prevalence of obesity in children starting primary school?

A

1 in 5 children in reception are over wight or obese

20
Q

What is the prevalence of obesity in children finishing primary school?

A

1 in 3 children in yr 6 are over weight or obese

21
Q

What is the link between obesity and oral health?

A

Obesity affects:

  1. Caries levels
  2. Oral cancer

Diabetes can affect periodontal health

22
Q

What is the link between obesity and caries?

A

Most studies have found either a weak or no association between caries in obesity in children

23
Q

What is the link between obesity and periodontal disease ?

A

A survey of 13,665 adults found that
in a younger population, overall and abdominal obesity are associated with increased prevalence of periodontal disease, while underweight (BMI <18.5) is associated with decreased prevalence

24
Q

How is periodontal disease affected by obesity?

A

Diabetes is a risk factor for peritoneal disease

Obesity increases your risk of developing diabetes

25
Q

Describe the possible mechanism used to link periodontal disease and obesity

A

Possible mechanism:

Increased secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue destroys periodontal tissues

26
Q

What problems does obesity pose in delivering dental treatment

A
  1. Difficult to access the surgery eg stairs
  2. Dental chairs max limit is 160kg
  3. Harder to access oral cavity

Year 2 (20 decks)

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