OB Ch. 59 Test Flashcards
Eye disorder in which optic axes can’t be directed to the same object
strabismus
Hereditary disease caused by failure to oxidize amino acid due to defective enzyme– untreated causes mental retardation
phenylketonuria
Congenital anomaly characterized by peaked head and webbed fingers and toes
acrocephalopolysyndactyly
Hypertrophied tongue
macroglossia
Group of disorders characterized by omphalocele, macroglossia and visceromegaly
beckwith-weidmann syndrome
Teratoma located in the oropharynx
epignathus
Underdevelopment of the eyes, fingers, and mouth
oculodentodigital dysplasia
premature closure of the cranial sutures
craniosynostoses
Underdevelopment of the jaw and cheek bone and abnormal ears
treacher collins syndrome
Protusion of the brain from cranial cavity
cephalocele
Underdevelopment of the jaw that causes the ears to be located close together toward the front of the neck
otacephaly
Head smaller than the body
microcephaly
Small eyes
micophthalmia
Micrognathia and abnormal smallness of the tongue usually with a cleft palate
pierre robin syndrome
Eyes too close together
hypotelorism
Detection of subtle facial malformations depends on what
sonographer skills and knowledge, fetal position, amount of fluid by face, maternal obesity
The _____ is developed by the 4th week and resembles gills
branchial apparatus
Many fetuses with a facial defect also have
chromosomal abnormalities
Extensive facial screening by sonography can be inhibited by
bone shadowing, poor fetal positioning, oligohydramnios, maternal obesity
Features of the fetal face can be identified by the end of the _____ trimester
1st
The ______ view is best to image cleft lip and palate
modified coronal
The _____ of the eye is seen as a small echogenic circle within the orbit
lens
Orbital abnormalities are best seen in the _____ view
transverse, coronal
The forehead, chin, nasal bridge, and upper lip are best imaged in the _____ vie
profile
List 4 questions the sonographer should ask herself/himself about the fetal face
- are the orbits normally spaced 2. is the upper lip intact 3. is the tongue normal size 4. is the chin abnormally small or have masses
_____ is associated with cloverleaf skull malformation
skeletal dysplasia
_____ is a median-cleft face syndrome with midline defects involving the eyes, nose, and forehead
frontonasal dysplasia
When looking at the nose and lips, the sonographer should look for
nostril symmetry, nasal septum integrity, continuity of upper lip
Protrusion of the fetal tongue may suggest
micrognathia, macroglossia
_____ has aided in early detection of ocular anomalies and other intracranial abnormalities
transvaginal sonography
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: holoprosencephaly
hypo
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: phenytoin syndrome
hyper
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: frontal cephalocele
hyper
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: microcephaly
both
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: cyclopia
hypo
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: cebocephaly
hypo
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: apert syndrome
hyper
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: craniosynostosis
both
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: acrocephalopolysyndactaly
hyper
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: ethmocephaly
hypo
Label the following condition as associated with hypotelorism, hypertelorism or both: phenylketonuria
hypo
The _____ view is important is assessing the presence/absence of the nose, lips and chin
profile
Evaluation of the nasal triad should include
nostril symmetry, nasal septum integrity, continuity of the upper lip, both nostrils
_____ is the most common congenital anomaly of the face
cleft lip/palate
_____ occurs because of failure of fusion of the primary and secondary palate
cleft lip
____ occurs because of failure of the lateral palantine processes to fuse in midline
cleft palate
A facial cleft may involve only the lip, or may extend to include alveolus, hard palate and/or soft palate
true
Isolated posterior cleft palate is not considered a separate entity from cleft lip and hard palate
false
An _____ indicates bilateral cleft palate even when only unilateral is visualized sonographically
echogenic mass near the nose
Why is polyhydramnios associated with craniofacial abnormalities
baby has difficulty swallowing
Fetal goiter suggests that the mother has
hypothyroidism
Cystic hygroma is associated with
turners syndrome
Fetuses with cystic hygroma often die of
heart failure
A thin echogenic line appearing to extend from the fetal occiput to the fetal back in the late 1st trimester could be
cystic hygroma, amnion that has not fused to chorion
Fetal goiter may cause
esophageal obstruction
List six things the sonographer should report about a fetal neck mass
position and size, nuchal ligament, amniotic fluid, hydrops, hyperextension of the neck, vascularity
The bridge of the nose originates from the _____ prominence
frontal
