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OB/GYN II > Ch. 52 Test > Flashcards

Ch. 52 Test Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is the absence of one or both eyes

A

anopthalmos

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2
Q

_____ is abnormally wide spacing of the orbits

A

hypertelorism

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3
Q

______ is abnormally small eyes

A

micropthalmos

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4
Q

______ is presence of only one eye

A

cyclops

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5
Q

_____ is abnormally close spacing of the orbits

A

hypotelorism

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6
Q

_____ describes an abnormally shaped cerebellum associated with neural tube defects

A

banana sign

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7
Q

_____ describes an abnormal shape to the frontal bones associated with neural tube defects

A

lemon sign

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8
Q

_____ refers to a more round shape to the head than usual, resulting in a larger BPD

A

brachycephaly

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9
Q

______ refers to an elongated shape to the head, resulting in a smaller BPD than expected

A

dolicocephaly

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10
Q

Fetal age begins at the time of

A

conception

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11
Q

Gestational age in the world of sonography generally refers to

A

menstrual age

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12
Q

Give 4 reasons why it is important to know the menstrual age of a pregnancy

A
  1. invasive procedure 2. menstrual AFP screening

3. delivery date 4. evaluate fetal growth

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13
Q

The ______ is a hypoechoic area in the fundus of the uterus that is seen at about 4 weeks menstrual age

A

gestational sac

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14
Q

By 5 weeks, a measurable _____ is seen

A

gestational sac

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15
Q

At what HCG level should the gestational sac be seen

A

above 500 mIU/mL

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16
Q

During the first 10 weeks, what is the growth rate for the gestational sac

A

1mm/day

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17
Q

At what size gestational sac should the yolk sac be seen

A

> 8mm

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18
Q

Why should an over distended bladder matter when measuring the gestational sac

A

compression of gest sac

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19
Q

What is the normal size for a yolk sac

A

<6mm

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20
Q

A gestational sac greater than 8mm is associated with

A

poor preg outcome

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21
Q

At what gest sac size should cardiac activity be seen

A

> 16mm

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22
Q

How accurate is the gest sac diameter in predicting gestational age

A

+/- 2-3 weeks

23
Q

How accurate is CRL in predicting gestational age

A

+/- 3-5 days

24
Q

If the CRL is so much more accurate than the GSD in predicting gestational age, why do we need to measure the GSD after CRL is visible

A

correlate sac size to embryo size

25
Cardiac activity should be seen when the CRL is greater than ___ in length
7mm
26
Absence of an embryo by 7-8 weeks gestation is consistent with
anembryonic pregnancy
27
If the CRL of the embryo is 15mm, what is the gestational age
7.5 weeks
28
Why is the CRL no longer accurate after 12 weeks
extension and flexion of fetus
29
Between 17 and 26 weeks gestation, what is the accuracy of BPD measurements
+/- 11 days
30
In the late third trimester, what is the accuracy of BPD measurements
+/- 3 weeks
31
Why does the accuracy of BPD decrease
variations in normal size for gest age
32
Describe the landmarks and technique for measuring the BPD
outer to inner edge at transverse level of the mid brain (CSP, thalamus, falx)
33
Describe the landmarks and technique for measuring the HC
measure margins of skull, same as BPD
34
What is the cephalic index
BPD/OFD x 100
35
What is the CI used to define
normal shape of fetal head
36
If the CI is abnormal, should the BPD be included in calculations of gestational age
no
37
What is the normal range for CI
75-85%
38
Describe the landmarks and technique for measuring the AC
round trans image with stomach and umbilical portion of left portal vein midline to liver, outer margins of abdomen wall should be measured
39
What factors can influence the size and shape of the AC
compression, fetal breathing, fetal crowding, oligohydramnios, liver affected by IUGR
40
Describe the technique for measuring FL
measure blind end to blunt end, greater trochanter to external lateral chondile
41
Is the FL about as accurate as the BPD in calculating gestational age
yes
42
Why must the sonographer be especially careful about FL measurements when using a curvilinear probe
tends to shorten femur, bowing
43
How can the distal formal and proximal tibial epiphyseal ossification centers be used to date a pregnancy
3.3-3.5 weeks
44
When would the sonographer measure the humerus, tibia, radius, ulna, or fibula during a sonogram
when skeletal dysplasia, abnormal femur measurements and dwarfism are suspected
45
Why would the use of multiple parameters diminish the accuracy of predicting gestational age when the fetus is not normal
congenital abnormalities of the fetus can alter measurements
46
Describe the technique for performing the measurement of the binocular distance
lateral to lateral edge (outer to outer}
47
Describe the technique for performing the measurement of the ocular distance
single orbit diameter
48
Describe the technique for performing the measurement of the interocular
enter to enter
49
The fetal cerebellum correlates with gestational age up to
28 weeks
50
Why would the cerebellum not be used to predict gestational age in the presence of spinal or pleural tube defects
inaccurate due to shape
51
______ describes a baby that is delivered before 38 menstrual weeks
pre term
52
______ describes a baby that is delivered after 42 menstrual weeks
post term
53
_____ describes a baby that is delivered between 38 and 42 menstrual weeks
term

OB/GYN II (13 decks)

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