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OB/GYN II > Ch. 52 Test > Flashcards

Ch. 52 Test Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is the absence of one or both eyes

A

anopthalmos

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2
Q

_____ is abnormally wide spacing of the orbits

A

hypertelorism

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3
Q

______ is abnormally small eyes

A

micropthalmos

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4
Q

______ is presence of only one eye

A

cyclops

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5
Q

_____ is abnormally close spacing of the orbits

A

hypotelorism

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6
Q

_____ describes an abnormally shaped cerebellum associated with neural tube defects

A

banana sign

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7
Q

_____ describes an abnormal shape to the frontal bones associated with neural tube defects

A

lemon sign

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8
Q

_____ refers to a more round shape to the head than usual, resulting in a larger BPD

A

brachycephaly

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9
Q

______ refers to an elongated shape to the head, resulting in a smaller BPD than expected

A

dolicocephaly

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10
Q

Fetal age begins at the time of

A

conception

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11
Q

Gestational age in the world of sonography generally refers to

A

menstrual age

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12
Q

Give 4 reasons why it is important to know the menstrual age of a pregnancy

A
  1. invasive procedure 2. menstrual AFP screening

3. delivery date 4. evaluate fetal growth

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13
Q

The ______ is a hypoechoic area in the fundus of the uterus that is seen at about 4 weeks menstrual age

A

gestational sac

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14
Q

By 5 weeks, a measurable _____ is seen

A

gestational sac

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15
Q

At what HCG level should the gestational sac be seen

A

above 500 mIU/mL

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16
Q

During the first 10 weeks, what is the growth rate for the gestational sac

A

1mm/day

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17
Q

At what size gestational sac should the yolk sac be seen

A

> 8mm

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18
Q

Why should an over distended bladder matter when measuring the gestational sac

A

compression of gest sac

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19
Q

What is the normal size for a yolk sac

A

<6mm

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20
Q

A gestational sac greater than 8mm is associated with

A

poor preg outcome

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21
Q

At what gest sac size should cardiac activity be seen

A

> 16mm

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22
Q

How accurate is the gest sac diameter in predicting gestational age

A

+/- 2-3 weeks

23
Q

How accurate is CRL in predicting gestational age

A

+/- 3-5 days

24
Q

If the CRL is so much more accurate than the GSD in predicting gestational age, why do we need to measure the GSD after CRL is visible

A

correlate sac size to embryo size

25
Q

Cardiac activity should be seen when the CRL is greater than ___ in length

A

7mm

26
Q

Absence of an embryo by 7-8 weeks gestation is consistent with

A

anembryonic pregnancy

27
Q

If the CRL of the embryo is 15mm, what is the gestational age

A

7.5 weeks

28
Q

Why is the CRL no longer accurate after 12 weeks

A

extension and flexion of fetus

29
Q

Between 17 and 26 weeks gestation, what is the accuracy of BPD measurements

A

+/- 11 days

30
Q

In the late third trimester, what is the accuracy of BPD measurements

A

+/- 3 weeks

31
Q

Why does the accuracy of BPD decrease

A

variations in normal size for gest age

32
Q

Describe the landmarks and technique for measuring the BPD

A

outer to inner edge at transverse level of the mid brain (CSP, thalamus, falx)

33
Q

Describe the landmarks and technique for measuring the HC

A

measure margins of skull, same as BPD

34
Q

What is the cephalic index

A

BPD/OFD x 100

35
Q

What is the CI used to define

A

normal shape of fetal head

36
Q

If the CI is abnormal, should the BPD be included in calculations of gestational age

A

no

37
Q

What is the normal range for CI

A

75-85%

38
Q

Describe the landmarks and technique for measuring the AC

A

round trans image with stomach and umbilical portion of left portal vein midline to liver, outer margins of abdomen wall should be measured

39
Q

What factors can influence the size and shape of the AC

A

compression, fetal breathing, fetal crowding, oligohydramnios, liver affected by IUGR

40
Q

Describe the technique for measuring FL

A

measure blind end to blunt end, greater trochanter to external lateral chondile

41
Q

Is the FL about as accurate as the BPD in calculating gestational age

A

yes

42
Q

Why must the sonographer be especially careful about FL measurements when using a curvilinear probe

A

tends to shorten femur, bowing

43
Q

How can the distal formal and proximal tibial epiphyseal ossification centers be used to date a pregnancy

A

3.3-3.5 weeks

44
Q

When would the sonographer measure the humerus, tibia, radius, ulna, or fibula during a sonogram

A

when skeletal dysplasia, abnormal femur measurements and dwarfism are suspected

45
Q

Why would the use of multiple parameters diminish the accuracy of predicting gestational age when the fetus is not normal

A

congenital abnormalities of the fetus can alter measurements

46
Q

Describe the technique for performing the measurement of the binocular distance

A

lateral to lateral edge (outer to outer}

47
Q

Describe the technique for performing the measurement of the ocular distance

A

single orbit diameter

48
Q

Describe the technique for performing the measurement of the interocular

A

enter to enter

49
Q

The fetal cerebellum correlates with gestational age up to

A

28 weeks

50
Q

Why would the cerebellum not be used to predict gestational age in the presence of spinal or pleural tube defects

A

inaccurate due to shape

51
Q

______ describes a baby that is delivered before 38 menstrual weeks

A

pre term

52
Q

______ describes a baby that is delivered after 42 menstrual weeks

A

post term

53
Q

_____ describes a baby that is delivered between 38 and 42 menstrual weeks

A

term

OB/GYN II (13 decks)

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