Ch. 64 Test

Question 1

Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses beginning at _____ weeks’ gestation

Answer 1

18

Question 2

Protrusion of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder, which contains the trigone of the bladder and the ureteric orifices, is called

Answer 2

exstrophy of the bladder

Question 3

A condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present is

Answer 3

hermaphroditism

Question 4

Sonographic findings in complete renal agenesis include

Answer 4

oligohydramnios, absence of urine in the fetal bladder, small thorax

Question 5

Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet may be found in

Answer 5

potter syndrome

Question 6

Which one of the following characteristics of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease is most common

Answer 6

multiple non communicating cysts of variable size

Question 7

Which site of hydronephrosis in the neonate is the most common

Answer 7

ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

Question 8

What findings are observed in hydronephrosis

Answer 8

anteroposterior (AP) renal pelvic diameter is greater than 5 to 10mm, rim of renal parenchyma is preserved, calyceal distention is seen with central pelvis communication

Question 9

A dilated bladder with a “keyhole” appearance is most likely which one of the following conditions

Answer 9

posterior urethral valve obstruction

Question 10

Sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome include

Answer 10

oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, fetal ascites

Question 11

The renal system fails to develop in

Answer 11

renal agenesis

Question 12

The permanent kidneys arise from the

Answer 12

metanephros

Question 13

The ureteric bud gives rise to

Answer 13

ureter, renal pelvis, calyces

Question 14

The kidneys initially lie in what positions

Answer 14

very close together in the pelvis

Question 15

The normal AP diameter of the renal pelvis at 20 weeks gestation should not exceed ______ mm

Answer 15

4

Question 16

An anechoic cystic structure within the fetal bladder is most likely a

Answer 16

ureterocele

Question 17

The most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis in the fetus is what

Answer 17

bladder outlet syndrome

Question 18

Normal amniotic fluid volume cannot exclude renal agenesis before ______ weeks gestation

Answer 18

14 to 16

Question 19

Sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction includes

Answer 19

hydroureter, oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis

Question 20

What is incorrect about a fetal ovarian cyst

Answer 20

a fetal ovarian cyst has no diagnostic significance

Question 21

When the fetal kidneys appear enlarged and echogenic, the sonographer should suspect what condition

Answer 21

infantile polycystic disease

Question 22

The testes are not visible within the scrotal sac until approximately ______ weeks gestation

Answer 22

28

Question 23

The genital and urinary systems are derived from

Answer 23

intermediate mesoderm

Question 24

______ appears in the thoraco-lumbar region of the embryo at the end of the 4-6th week

Answer 24

mesonephros

Question 25

______ develops in the cervical region of the embryo in the 4th week

Answer 25

pronephros

Question 26

Which mesoderm forms the urogenital ridge

Answer 26

intermediate

Question 27

What is the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 27

nephron

Question 28

The renal tubules of the ______ never function at all

Answer 28

pronephros

Question 29

Which type of polycystic disease results in renal failure in adulthood

Answer 29

autosomal dominant

Question 30

What week does renal function begin

Answer 30

12

Question 31

What week do kidneys usually ascend to the lumbar region by

Answer 31

9

Question 32

What happens if the ureteric bud fails to develop

Answer 32

renal agenesis

Question 33

What are 4 characteristics of potters syndrome

Answer 33

bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, facial/limb deformities

Question 34

Describe the characteristics of ARPK vs MCDK

Answer 34

ARPKD- renal enlargement, multiple cysts causing compression of the renal tissue / MCDK- cyst replace renal parenchyma, can be large up to 6cm, minimal urine function

Question 35

What 3 kidney systems form in the embryo

Answer 35

pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

Question 36

Segmented, forms in the cervical region, 4 wks, rudimentary and non functional

Answer 36

pronephros

Question 37

Unsegmented, forms in thoracic and lumbar regions, 4-6 wks, functions briefly then degenerates when replaced by permanent kidney

Answer 37

mesonephros

Question 38

Definitive kidney system, forms in pelvic region in 5th week, urine production begins at 12 wks

Answer 38

metanephros

Question 39

What is the permanent kidney

Answer 39

metanephros

Question 40

What part of the embryo kidney system functions briefly

Answer 40

mesonephros

Question 41

What part of the embryo kidney system is non functions

Answer 41

pronephros

Question 42

The kidneys start in the _______ region and ascend to the ______ region by _____ weeks

Answer 42

pelvic, lumbar, 9

Question 43

Urogenital ridge forms the

Answer 43

gonads and mesonephros

Question 44

What are the 4 sonographic findings of renal agenesis

Answer 44

severe oligohydramnios, absent kidney, no bladder visualized after an hour, no renal arteries visualized

Question 45

What are the characteristics of Potter's syndrome

Answer 45

bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, facial/limb deformities

Question 46

Complete and partial duplication of ureter

Answer 46

duplication defects of ureter

Question 47

Results from abnormal bladder formation when ureters are repositioning themselves which in turn causes the ureter to enter the urethra or the vagina

Answer 47

ectopic ureters

Question 48

Duplication of ureter can cause

Answer 48

ureteroceles

Question 49

herniation of distal ureter into bladder

Answer 49

ureterocele

Question 50

Most common bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 50

PUV

Question 51

Renal system fails to develop

Answer 51

renal agenesis

Question 52

Dilated ureters

Answer 52

hydroureters

Question 53

Occurs only in male fetuses, is manifested by the presence of a valve in the posterior urethra

Answer 53

posterior urethral valve

Question 54

Occurs when the kidney is located on the opposite side of the urethral orifice

Answer 54

crossed renal ectopia

Question 55

A small part of the lumen of the allantois that persists while the urachus forms

Answer 55

urachal cyst

Question 56

Forms when the inferior poles of the kidney fuse while they are in the pelvis

Answer 56

horseshoe kidney

Question 57

Occurs when the kidney does not migrate upward into the retroperitoneal space

Answer 57

pelvic kidney

Question 58

The level of the urethra where the urinary tract may become obstructed

Answer 58

megacystis

Question 59

Dilated renal pelvis measuring 5 to 9mm in the anteroposterior direction

Answer 59

pyelectasis

Question 60

Junction where the ureter enters the bladder

Answer 60

ureterovesical junction

Question 61

Dilated renal pelvis

Answer 61

fetal hydronephrosis

Question 62

Multiple cysts replace normal renal tissue throughout the kidney, usually causes renal obstruction

Answer 62

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

Question 63

Dilation of the fetal abdomen secondary to severe bilateral hydronephrosis and fetal ascites, fetus also has oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 63

prune belly syndrome

Question 64

Autosomal recessive disease that affects the fetal kidneys and liver, the kidneys are enlarged and echogenic on ultrasound

Answer 64

infantile polycystic kidney disease

Question 65

This condition causes a massively distended bladder

Answer 65

urethral atresia

Question 66

Dilation of the lower end of the ureter, the common presentation of ureterovesical junction obstruction

Answer 66

megaureter

Question 67

Rounded calyces with renal pelvis dilation measuring greater than 10 mm in the anteroposterior direction

Answer 67

caliectasis

Question 68

Junction of the ureter entering the renal pelvis, most common site of obstruction

Answer 68

ureteropelvic junction

Question 69

Characterized by renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet

Answer 69

Potter's syndrome

Question 70

Collection of fluid in the vagina and uterus

Answer 70

hydrometrocolpos

Question 71

May be found in the fetus, results from maternal hormone stimulation and is usually benign

Answer 71

ovarian cyst

Question 72

Duplication of the uterus

Answer 72

bicornuate uterus

Question 73

Anomaly of the uterus in which only one horn and tube develop

Answer 73

unicornuate uterus

Question 74

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

Answer 74

hypospadias

Question 75

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

Answer 75

cryptorchidism

Question 76

Double uterus and double vagina

Answer 76

uterus didelphys

Question 77

Condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present

Answer 77

hermaphroditism