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OB/GYN II > Ch. 64 Test > Flashcards

Ch. 64 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses beginning at _____ weeks’ gestation

A

18

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2
Q

Protrusion of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder, which contains the trigone of the bladder and the ureteric orifices, is called

A

exstrophy of the bladder

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3
Q

A condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present is

A

hermaphroditism

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4
Q

Sonographic findings in complete renal agenesis include

A

oligohydramnios, absence of urine in the fetal bladder, small thorax

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5
Q

Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet may be found in

A

potter syndrome

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6
Q

Which one of the following characteristics of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease is most common

A

multiple non communicating cysts of variable size

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7
Q

Which site of hydronephrosis in the neonate is the most common

A

ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

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8
Q

What findings are observed in hydronephrosis

A

anteroposterior (AP) renal pelvic diameter is greater than 5 to 10mm, rim of renal parenchyma is preserved, calyceal distention is seen with central pelvis communication

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9
Q

A dilated bladder with a “keyhole” appearance is most likely which one of the following conditions

A

posterior urethral valve obstruction

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10
Q

Sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome include

A

oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, fetal ascites

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11
Q

The renal system fails to develop in

A

renal agenesis

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12
Q

The permanent kidneys arise from the

A

metanephros

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13
Q

The ureteric bud gives rise to

A

ureter, renal pelvis, calyces

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14
Q

The kidneys initially lie in what positions

A

very close together in the pelvis

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15
Q

The normal AP diameter of the renal pelvis at 20 weeks gestation should not exceed ______ mm

A

4

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16
Q

An anechoic cystic structure within the fetal bladder is most likely a

A

ureterocele

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17
Q

The most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis in the fetus is what

A

bladder outlet syndrome

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18
Q

Normal amniotic fluid volume cannot exclude renal agenesis before ______ weeks gestation

A

14 to 16

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19
Q

Sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction includes

A

hydroureter, oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis

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20
Q

What is incorrect about a fetal ovarian cyst

A

a fetal ovarian cyst has no diagnostic significance

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21
Q

When the fetal kidneys appear enlarged and echogenic, the sonographer should suspect what condition

A

infantile polycystic disease

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22
Q

The testes are not visible within the scrotal sac until approximately ______ weeks gestation

A

28

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23
Q

The genital and urinary systems are derived from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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24
Q

______ appears in the thoraco-lumbar region of the embryo at the end of the 4-6th week

A

mesonephros

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25
Q

______ develops in the cervical region of the embryo in the 4th week

A

pronephros

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26
Q

Which mesoderm forms the urogenital ridge

A

intermediate

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27
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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28
Q

The renal tubules of the ______ never function at all

A

pronephros

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29
Q

Which type of polycystic disease results in renal failure in adulthood

A

autosomal dominant

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30
Q

What week does renal function begin

A

12

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31
Q

What week do kidneys usually ascend to the lumbar region by

A

9

32
Q

What happens if the ureteric bud fails to develop

A

renal agenesis

33
Q

What are 4 characteristics of potters syndrome

A

bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, facial/limb deformities

34
Q

Describe the characteristics of ARPK vs MCDK

A

ARPKD- renal enlargement, multiple cysts causing compression of the renal tissue / MCDK- cyst replace renal parenchyma, can be large up to 6cm, minimal urine function

35
Q

What 3 kidney systems form in the embryo

A

pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

36
Q

Segmented, forms in the cervical region, 4 wks, rudimentary and non functional

A

pronephros

37
Q

Unsegmented, forms in thoracic and lumbar regions, 4-6 wks, functions briefly then degenerates when replaced by permanent kidney

A

mesonephros

38
Q

Definitive kidney system, forms in pelvic region in 5th week, urine production begins at 12 wks

A

metanephros

39
Q

What is the permanent kidney

A

metanephros

40
Q

What part of the embryo kidney system functions briefly

A

mesonephros

41
Q

What part of the embryo kidney system is non functions

A

pronephros

42
Q

The kidneys start in the _______ region and ascend to the ______ region by _____ weeks

A

pelvic, lumbar, 9

43
Q

Urogenital ridge forms the

A

gonads and mesonephros

44
Q

What are the 4 sonographic findings of renal agenesis

A

severe oligohydramnios, absent kidney, no bladder visualized after an hour, no renal arteries visualized

45
Q

What are the characteristics of Potter’s syndrome

A

bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, facial/limb deformities

46
Q

Complete and partial duplication of ureter

A

duplication defects of ureter

47
Q

Results from abnormal bladder formation when ureters are repositioning themselves which in turn causes the ureter to enter the urethra or the vagina

A

ectopic ureters

48
Q

Duplication of ureter can cause

A

ureteroceles

49
Q

herniation of distal ureter into bladder

A

ureterocele

50
Q

Most common bladder outlet obstruction

A

PUV

51
Q

Renal system fails to develop

A

renal agenesis

52
Q

Dilated ureters

A

hydroureters

53
Q

Occurs only in male fetuses, is manifested by the presence of a valve in the posterior urethra

A

posterior urethral valve

54
Q

Occurs when the kidney is located on the opposite side of the urethral orifice

A

crossed renal ectopia

55
Q

A small part of the lumen of the allantois that persists while the urachus forms

A

urachal cyst

56
Q

Forms when the inferior poles of the kidney fuse while they are in the pelvis

A

horseshoe kidney

57
Q

Occurs when the kidney does not migrate upward into the retroperitoneal space

A

pelvic kidney

58
Q

The level of the urethra where the urinary tract may become obstructed

A

megacystis

59
Q

Dilated renal pelvis measuring 5 to 9mm in the anteroposterior direction

A

pyelectasis

60
Q

Junction where the ureter enters the bladder

A

ureterovesical junction

61
Q

Dilated renal pelvis

A

fetal hydronephrosis

62
Q

Multiple cysts replace normal renal tissue throughout the kidney, usually causes renal obstruction

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

63
Q

Dilation of the fetal abdomen secondary to severe bilateral hydronephrosis and fetal ascites, fetus also has oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia

A

prune belly syndrome

64
Q

Autosomal recessive disease that affects the fetal kidneys and liver, the kidneys are enlarged and echogenic on ultrasound

A

infantile polycystic kidney disease

65
Q

This condition causes a massively distended bladder

A

urethral atresia

66
Q

Dilation of the lower end of the ureter, the common presentation of ureterovesical junction obstruction

A

megaureter

67
Q

Rounded calyces with renal pelvis dilation measuring greater than 10 mm in the anteroposterior direction

A

caliectasis

68
Q

Junction of the ureter entering the renal pelvis, most common site of obstruction

A

ureteropelvic junction

69
Q

Characterized by renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet

A

Potter’s syndrome

70
Q

Collection of fluid in the vagina and uterus

A

hydrometrocolpos

71
Q

May be found in the fetus, results from maternal hormone stimulation and is usually benign

A

ovarian cyst

72
Q

Duplication of the uterus

A

bicornuate uterus

73
Q

Anomaly of the uterus in which only one horn and tube develop

A

unicornuate uterus

74
Q

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

A

hypospadias

75
Q

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

A

cryptorchidism

76
Q

Double uterus and double vagina

A

uterus didelphys

77
Q

Condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present

A

hermaphroditism

OB/GYN II (13 decks)

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