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OB/GYN II > Ch. 56 & 57 > Flashcards

Ch. 56 & 57 Flashcards

1
Q

Define placentomegaly

A

enlarged placenta weighing more than 600g & AP diameter of >4cm

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2
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: MATERNAL DIABETES

A

placentomegaly

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3
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: IUGR

A

small placenta

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4
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: TTT

A

placentomegaly

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5
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: maternal anemia

A

placentomegaly

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6
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: congenital neoplasms

A

placentomegaly

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7
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: intrauterine infection

A

both

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8
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: Rh sensitivity

A

placentomegaly

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9
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: fetal malformations

A

placentomegaly

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10
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: fetomaternal hemorrhage

A

placentomegaly

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11
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: chromosomal abnormality

A

both

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12
Q

Is the following placentomegaly or small placenta: a-thalassemia

A

placentomegaly

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13
Q

______ appear as hypoechoic areas in the placenta and may mimic venous lake or subchorionic hematoma

A

fibrin deposits

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14
Q

______ is a condition in which the placenta completely covers the internal os of the cervix

A

complete placenta previa

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15
Q

_____ is a condition in which the inferior edge of the placenta lies adjacent to the internal os of the cervix

A

marginal placenta previa

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16
Q

______ is a condition in which the inferior edge of the placenta partially overlies the internal os of the cervix

A

partial placenta previa

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17
Q

A _______ placenta is one which is located in the lower uterine segment but does not reach the edge of the internal cervical os

A

low lying placenta

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18
Q

Placenta _____ is the adherence of part of all of the placenta into the placental wall beyond the decidua basalis

A

accreta

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19
Q

Placenta ______ is the invasion of the myometrium by the placental tissue

A

increta

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20
Q

Placenta _____ occurs when the placenta penetrates through the uterine wall and serosa

A

percreta

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21
Q

The risk of placenta accreta is _____ when the patient has placenta previa

A

increased

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22
Q

The presence of accessory lobes of placental tissue which are connected to the main placenta by blood vessels is called

A

succenturiate placenta

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23
Q

When the placental membranes attach to the main surface of the placenta rather than the margins, it is called

A

circumvillate placenta

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24
Q

_______ is associated with thickened, folded placental margins, retroplacental hemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes, premature labor, and placental abruption

A

circumvillate placenta

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25
Q

______ is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

A

placental abruption

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26
Q

_____ occurs away from the margin of the placenta

A

retroplacental abruption

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27
Q

______ occurs at the margin of the placenta, causing vaginal bleeding

A

marginal abruption

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28
Q

_____ occurs when capillaries in the villi are broken

A

intervillous thrombus

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29
Q

Placental infarcts are common and usually have no clinical significance

A

true

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30
Q

Chorioangiomas is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease

A

false, benign vascular tumor

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31
Q

List the risk factors/causes of placental abruption

A

hypertension, prior abruption, short umbilical cord, uterine anomaly, myomas, abdominal trauma, placenta previa, tobacco use, cocaine use, perineal death

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32
Q

List complications of chorioangioma

A

polyhydramnios, hydrops, anemia, cardiomegaly, IUGR, fetal demise, preterm labor

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33
Q

The _____ is an elongated duct that contributes to the development of the umbilical cord and placenta during the 1st trimester

A

allantoic duct

34
Q

_____ is an anterior abdominal wall defect in which the abdominal contents are herniated into the amniotic fluid. It occurs to the side of the umbilical insertion and has no membrane covering it

A

gastroschisis

35
Q

______ is a term used to describe a placenta with an eccentric cord insertion

A

battledore placenta

36
Q

The ____ is an umbilical duct that connects the yolk sac to the embryo

A

yolk stalk

37
Q

_____ is a wrapping of the umbilical cord around the fetus’ neck

A

nuchal cord

38
Q

After birth, the umbilical arteries become the

A

superior vesical arteries

39
Q

_____ is a vascular tumor within the umbilical cord

A

hemangioma of the cord

40
Q

_____ occurs when the umbilical cord vessels cross the internal os of the cervix

A

vasa previa

41
Q

_____ is a failure of the anterior abdominal wall to close completely at the level of the umbilicus

A

umbilical hernia

42
Q

______ is a myxomatous connective tissue surrounding the umbilical vessels within the cord

A

whartons jelly

43
Q

_____ is a cyst within the umbilical cord

A

omphalomesenteric cyst

44
Q

_____ occurs when the umbilical cord inserts into the chorion and amnion, spreading into separate vessels before actually entering the placenta

A

velamentous insertion

45
Q

_____ knots of the umbilical cord occur when the umbilical vessels are longer than the cord

A

false

46
Q

The outer covering of the umbilical cord is formed by the

A

amnion

47
Q

The umbilical _____ carry oxygenated blood to the fetus

A

vein

48
Q

Why is it so important to evaluate the fetal insertion of the umbilical cord

A

to rule out abdominal wall defects and also limb-body complex

49
Q

The normal diameter of the umbilical cord is

A

1-2cm

50
Q

Normally, the right umbilical vein degenerates by 6 weeks gestation. if it persists, it drains into the _____ in the fetus

A

right portal vein

51
Q

Persistence of the right umbilical vein is associated with

A

other fetal anomalies

52
Q

It is thought that the umbilical cord becomes twisted/spiraled due to

A

fetal motion

53
Q

The _____ connects the left portal vein to the IVC in the fetus

A

ductus venosus

54
Q

The _____ connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus

A

ductus arteriosus

55
Q

What is the length that determines that an umbilical cord is short

A

<35cm

56
Q

What is the normal range for umbilical cord length

A

40-60cm

57
Q

What is the length that determines that an umbilical cord is long

A

> 80cm

58
Q

The umbilical cord normally twists from the ______ when held vertically

A

left

59
Q

A cord with a right twist has ____ incidence of fetal anomalies than a cord with a left twist

A

greater

60
Q

Variations in umbilical cord diameter is generally attributed to different amounts of

A

whartons jelly

61
Q

A _____ is a herniation of the abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord

A

omphalocele

62
Q

Gastroschisis usually occurs to the _____ of the umbilical cord

A

right

63
Q

Omphalomesenteric cyst is associated with

A

meckel’s diverticulum

64
Q

In the presence of a large hemangioma of the umbilical cord, the fetus may develop

A

non immune hydrops

65
Q

_____ of the umbilical cord occurs when blood collects in the space outside the umbilical vessels in the umbilical cord. usually due to trauma

A

hematoma

66
Q

_____ of the umbilical vessels is occlusion of one or more vessels of the umbilical cord

A

thrombosis

67
Q

How do true knots of the umbilical cord occur

A

long cords, polyhydramnios, IUGR, monoamniotic twin

68
Q

_____ is the most common type of cord entanglement in the fetus

A

nuchal cord

69
Q

Is a single wrap of the umbilical cord around the fetus’ neck during routine sonography considered a problem? why or why not

A

no, because it can slip off and on

70
Q

When is marginal insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta a potential problem? why

A

when the cord is inserted near internal os, labor may cause cord to prolapse or be compressed during contractions

71
Q

What chromosomal abnormalities is single umbilical artery associated with

A

trisomy 13, 18, 21, triploidy and turners syndrome

72
Q

Single umbilical artery is associated with a greater incidence of IUGR

A

true

73
Q

What other organ systems have abnormalities associated with single umbilical artery

A

musculoskeletal, genitourary, cardiovascular, abdominal wall, diaphragmatic hernia

74
Q

In what situation have umbilical cords with more than 3 vessels been documented

A

conjoined twins

75
Q

What is the major functioning unit of the placenta

A

chorionic villus

76
Q

The chorionic plate is on the _____ of the placenta

A

fetal surface

77
Q

The umbilical cord is formed by the fusion of

A

yolk stalk and allantoic ducts

78
Q

What is the function of hCG in early pregnancy

A

maintain corpus luteum

79
Q

After birth, what does the ductus venosus turn into

A

ligamentum venosum

80
Q

Fusion of amnion and chorion occurs by what week

A

16

OB/GYN II (13 decks)

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