Ch. 55 Test Flashcards

1
Q

_____ refers to having extra fingers or toes

A

polydactyly

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2
Q

______ is a protein made in the fetal liver that enters the amniotic fluid through fetal urination and is absorbed into the maternal blood stream across the fetal membranes

A

AFP

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3
Q

_____ occurs due to abnormal drainage of the lymphatic system

A

cystic hygroma

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4
Q

_____ is an abnormally small chin

A

micrognathia

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5
Q

______ is a procedure that involves removal of amniotic fluid from the uterus with a needle through the maternal abdomen

A

amniocentesis

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6
Q

______ is an anterior abdominal wall defect in which abdominal contents are herniated into the base of the umbilical cord

A

omphalocele

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7
Q

______ is a dilation of the fetal abdomen due to severe fetal hydronephrosis and ascites. The baby also has hypoplastic lungs and oligohydramnios

A

prune belly syndrome

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8
Q

____ is a procedure that involves aspiration from the trophoblastic tissue that forms the placenta

A

chorionic villous sampling

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9
Q

_____ is a procedure in which a tiny camera is inserted into the uterus to image the fetus

A

embryoscopy

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10
Q

_____ is a description of the chromosomal makeup of an idividual

A

karyotype

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11
Q

______ is a series of screening tests for fetal defects that is more accurate than just checking single biochemical marker

A

triple screen

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12
Q

______ is a glycoprotein from fetal trophoblastic tissues that can be used to screen for fetal abnormalities

A

PAPP-A

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13
Q

______ refers to any abnormal number of chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

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14
Q

_____ chromosomal disorders require a pair of defective genes to be present for the abnormality to be manifested

A

autosomal recessive

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15
Q

Chromosomal disorders are manifested when a single defective gene is present

A

autosomal dominant

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16
Q

_____ disorders require the interaction of one or more abnormal genes and environmental factors for them to be manifested

A

multifactorial

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17
Q

______ is the occurrence of a gene mutation or chromosomal abnormality in a portion of a person’s cells

A

mosaicism

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18
Q

______ disorders are inherited by male fetuses from their mothers

A

x-linked

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19
Q

_____ is an abnormal fluid collection in the posterior fetal neck seen in the late first trimester

A

nuchal translucency

20
Q

Trisomy _____ is also known as down syndrome

21
Q

______ is having three copies of a particular chromosome

22
Q

Trisomy _____ is also know as edward’s syndrome

23
Q

Trisomy ______ is also known as patau’s syndrome

24
Q

______ is an abnormal curvature to the sole of the foot with prominent heels and supination of the foot, that is associated with trisomy 13

A

rocker-bottom foot

25
Trisomy _____ is the most common chromosomal trisomy
21
26
Trisomy _____ occurs in 1 of 10,000 live births
13
27
_____ is a condition in which a fetus has three complete sets of chromosomes
triploidy
28
_____ is an abnormality resulting from abnormal cleavage of the forebrain which features fused thalami, absent 3rd ventricle, and absence of the cavum septum pellucidum
holoprosencephaly
29
_____ is another name for clubfoot
talipes
30
____ refers to webbing of the fingers or toes
syndactyly
31
_____ is an open spinal defect characterized by protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through the defect, usually within a meningeal sac
meningomyelocele
32
______ is a genetic abnormality characterized by the absence of an X or Y chromosome (45X)
turner's syndrome
33
Children with _____ generally are of normal intelligence
turner's syndrome
34
Which of the following is most likely to have a fetus that survives beyond the first year
down's syndrome
35
Which of the following is always lethal in its pure form
triploidy
36
Most fetuses with turner's syndrome will
spontaneously abort
37
Most fetuses with triploidy will
spontaneously abort in the 1st trimester
38
Which of the following is generally characterized by cystic hydroma
Turner's syndrome
39
Which of the following is more likely to survive the first year of life
trisomy 21
40
Define phenotype
physical appearance of an individual
41
Define simean crease
single palm crease, seen with trisomy 21
42
Define cliniodactyly
inward curving of 5th finger
43
What are the indications for an amniocentesis
advanced maternal age, history parent/previous child with chromosomal anomaly, abnormal AFP (high or low), abnormal triple/quad screen, anomaly detected on screening sonogram
44
What anomalies are associated with Trisomy 21
thickened nuchal fold, epicanthal folds, flattened/absent nasal bridge, duodenal atresia, short femurs, small ears, protruding tongue, polly, pilat ages, decreased AFP, eif
45
What anomalies are associated with Trisomy 18
dolicocephaly, microcephaly, choroid plexus cyst, micrognathia, cleft palate, clenched hands, club foot, rocker-bottom feet, IUGR, NIH, poly, single umbilical artery, cardiac anomalies
46
What anomalies are associated with Trisomy 13
holoprosencephaly, agenesis of corpus collosum, hypothyroidism, proboscis, cyclops, cleft palate, micrognathia, club foot, microcephaly, single nostril
47
Triploidy
VSD, omphalocele, holoprosencephaly, dandy walker malformation, micrognathia, cryptorchidism, ambiguous genitalia