OB 2 - Generalist Exam Questions Flashcards
What type of placenta gives a “shelf” appearance?
Circumvallate
What is the normal size of a placenta?
2-4 cm
What is the difference between placenta previa and low-lying placenta?
Previa = covering internal os
Low-lying = less than 2cm from internal os
What are two important risk factors for placenta accreta?
1) previous C-section
2) placenta previa
What is a common US finding with placenta accreta?
Multiple vascular lacunae
What are the two primary non-trophoblastic tumors of the placenta?
1) Chorioangiomas
2) Teratomas
Common S/S of placental abruption?
1) pelvic and abdominal pain
2) bleeding
3) fetal distress
What abnormality is the result of rupture of the amnion without rupture of the chorion?
ABS
When the placenta appears to have “grape-like vesicles”, what may be the diagnosis?
PMD - placenta mesenchymal dysplasia
Cerebellar measurements lose accuracy after which GA?
A) 20 weeks
B) 25 weeks
C) 30 weeks
D) 35 weeks
20 weeks
Epiphyseal centers won’t be identified until how many weeks?
A) 20 weeks
B) 25 weeks
C) 30 weeks
D) 35 weeks
30 weeks
What menstrual week do fetal kidneys begin to develop?
A) 4th
B) 5th
C) 6th
D) 7th
6th menstrual week
Fetal urine production begins at what week?
A) 7th
B) 8th
C) 9th
D) 10th
9th week
By how many mm do kidneys grow per week of gestation?
A) 1mm
B) 2mm
C) 3mm
D) 4mm
1mm/week
What are the anterior and posterior points of the spine in TRV?
Anterior = laminae
Posterior = centrum/vertebral bodies
What denotes an inevitable abortion?
A) low lying gestational sac
B) SCH
C) open cx
D) GS in myometrium
Open cx - cervical os has begun to dilate
A threatened miscarriage is vaginal bleeding under how many weeks?
A) <10
B) <15
C) <20
D) <25
<20
SF of anembryonic pregnancy?
No fetal tissue or YS
What is a fetal demise characterized as?
An embryo at least 5mm with no cardiac activity
Whats another term for a missed abortion?
Delayed abortion - will contain RPOC within the uterus since not all tissue has been expelled
What are the main SF of PUV?
Megaureter, dilated thickened bladder, hydro
Holoprosencephaly and cyclopia are mostly associated with what genetic disorder?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Trisomy 13
Echogenic kidneys are mostly associated to what abnormality?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Trisomy 13
All of the following have decreased AFP except?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Trisomy 13
On ultrasound, you find a unilateral CP cyst along with clinodactyly. Whats the most likely diagnosis?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Trisomy 18
Cystic hygroma and fetal hydrops is associated with what abnormality?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Turners
Partial molar pregnancy is associated with what genetic disorder?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Triploidy
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Triploidy - also see syndactyly and ventriculomegaly
In what abnormality is the only blood marker, increased AFP?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Trisomy 13
Sandal toe gap is associated with what abnormality?
A) Trisomy 21
B) Trisomy 18
C) Trisomy 13
D) Turners syndrome
Trisomy 21
What test is used to determine lung maturity?
A) Blood test
B) Amniocentesis
C) PUBS
D) CVS
Amnio
Optimal GA for karyotyping with amniocentesis is?
A) 10-15 weeks
B) 12-16 weeks
C) 15-20 weeks
D) 18-23 weeks
15-20 weeks
Performing amniocentesis earlier than how many weeks has been shown to significantly increase the risk for pregnancy loss?
A) 12 wks
B) 14 wks
C) 15 wks
D) 20 wks
14
What test offers the possibility for very early prenatal diagnosis, from at least 7 weeks of gestation?
A) Amnio
B) PUBS
C) CVS
D) Coelocentesis
D
When must NT tests be performed?
11 W - 16 W 6D
What is the classic triad for ectopic pregnancy?
Pain, bleeding, palpable adnexal mass
Where are most ectopic pregnancies located?
Ampullary portion of fallopian tube
What is the most obvious indicator of an ectopic pregnancy?
Free fluid
In the first trimester, what are the blood marker levels for Trisomy 21?
Increased HcG and NT
Decreased PAPP-A
Fetus appears to have macrocephaly and macroglossia. Whats the most likely diagnosis?
A) BWS
B) Potters sequence
C) VACTERL
D) TORCH
BWS
Meckel-Gruber is NOT associated with what?
A) Polydactyly
B) Polyhadramnios
C) Echogenic kidneys
D) Encephalocele
Poly - it is associated with oligo
Potter sequence is most commonly caused by what?
Oligohydramnios - low amniotic fluid impairs normal development
