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OB 2 > Effects of maternal disease on pregnancy > Flashcards

Effects of maternal disease on pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What does TORCH stand for?

A
  1. Toxoplasmosis
  2. Other - varicella zoster, syphilis, parovirus B19
  3. Rubella
  4. CMV
  5. Herpes simplex
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2
Q

What infection is transmitted through uncooked food or water?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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3
Q

In what trimester is the fetus MOST at risk for toxoplasmosis?

A

Third

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4
Q

Sonographic features seen in Toxoplasmosis? Baby say this is BSMAH

A
  1. Brain calcifications
  2. Seizures after birth
  3. Microcephaly
  4. Ascites
  5. Hepatosplenomegaly
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5
Q

What do the “other” infections encompass?

A
  1. Varicella-zoster
  2. Syphilis
  3. Parovirus B19 AKA fifths disease
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6
Q

In what infection may you seen echogenic hepatic foci in the fetus?

A

Varicella zoster

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7
Q

What features characterize syphilis in the fetus? Syphilis is HHHL

A
  1. Hyperbilirubinemia
  2. Hemolysis
  3. Hepatosplenomegaly
  4. Lymphadenopathy
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8
Q

In what trimesters is the highest risk for a fetus to contract varicella-zoster?

A

first and second

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9
Q

What sonographic features are seen in fetal varicella zoster? you wanna make a MMVIE starring varicella zoster

A
  1. Micropthalmia
  2. Microcephaly
  3. Ventriculomegaly
  4. IUGR
  5. Echogenic intrahepatic foci
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10
Q

Non-immune hydrops is mostly attributed to what infection in pregnancy?

A

Parovirus B19

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11
Q

Measuring the peak systolic velocity of the MCA in the fetus can help diagnose what?

A

Anemia and fetal hydrops

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12
Q

Exposure in what trimester can cause malformations due to rubella?

A

First

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13
Q

What was one of the first maternal infections recognized that resulted in fetal malformations?

A

Rubella AKA 3 day german measles

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14
Q

Sonographic features of rubella- 3 day german measles. Germans make me wanna COMM pneumonic

A
  1. Cardiac and great vessel abnormalities
  2. Osteopathy
  3. Micropthalmia
  4. Microcephaly
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15
Q

What is the most common known cause of congenital infections in humans?

A

CMV

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16
Q

Jaundice and thromobocytopenia in neonates can indicate what kind of infection?

A

CMV

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17
Q

Sonographic features of CMV? (HIPS pneumonic)

A
  1. Hydrocephaly
  2. IUGR
  3. Polyhydramnios
  4. Splenomegaly
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18
Q

What virus indicates c-section delivery?

A

Herpes simplex

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19
Q

Hydrocephaly is seen in what infection?

HydrANencephaly is seen in what infection?

A

Hydro = CMV

Hydran = herpex simples

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20
Q

What is the difference between hydrocephaly and hydranencephaly?

A

Hydrocephaly contains some cortical tissue, where as hydranencephaly does not

21
Q

Sonographic findings of herpes simplex? (you can get herpes in yo BHMM)

A
  1. Brain calcifications
  2. HydrANencephaly
  3. Micropthalmia
  4. Microcephaly
22
Q

What two infections commonly result in brain calcifications?

A
  1. Toxoplasmosis
  2. CMV
23
Q

What is a typical finding when an infection has crossed the placenta?

A

Polyhydramnios

24
Q

What is the most common maternal disorder?

A

Diabetes mellitus

25
Q

What type of diabetes is insulin dependent?

A

Type 1 AKA juvenile onset

26
Q

Hyperglycemia from diabetes mellitus causes disruption of what in the fetus?

A

Organogenesis

27
Q

Fetal hyperinsulinemia is thought to contribute to?

A

Macrosomia

28
Q

T or F? In diabetic mothers, fetuses can either suffer from IUGR or macrosomia?

29
Q

What fetal weight constitutes macrosomia?

A

9 lbs 9 ounces or 4500g

30
Q

When is shoulder dystocia seen in the fetus?

A

When the mother has diabetes mellitus

31
Q

If a fetus needs a follow-up exam in determining fetal anomalies, how many weeks between appointments is necessary?

A

Every 4 to 6 weeks

32
Q

When does gestational diabetes usually present?

A

5th or 6th month : 24-28 weeks

33
Q

Risk factors for gestational diabetes

A
  1. Previously had a stillbirth
  2. Baby with congenital anomalies
  3. Previous macrosomic baby
  4. Family history
34
Q

Preferred diagnostic method to diagnose gestational diabetes?

A

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), done between 24-28 weeks

35
Q

Criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes?

A

When TWO or more high blood sugar readings occur within 3 hours of the glucose tolerance test

36
Q

Preeclampsia is also known as?

37
Q

What is known as a third trimester disease characterized by proteinuria, hypertension, and maternal edema?

38
Q

Preeclampsia vs Eeclampsia?

A

Preeclamsia - hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

Eeclampsia - when one or more convulsions occur

39
Q

Toxemia occurs mostly in what population of women?

A

Younger nulliparous

Older multigravidas

40
Q

What three factors attribute to toxemia?

A
  1. Nutritional
  2. Immunologic
  3. Hormonal
41
Q

What three things are associated with toxemia?

A
  1. Placental abruption
  2. Fetal distress
  3. LBW
42
Q

What does HELLP syndrome stand for?

A
  1. Hemolysis
  2. Elevated liver enzymes
  3. Low platelets
43
Q

T or F? HELLP syndrome occurs most often in African women and nulliparous white women with toxemia

44
Q

Patient presents with visual symptoms, n/v, and RUQ pain. What may be a cause?

A

HELLP syndrome

45
Q

S/D ratios that indicate a higher resistance in placental vasculature should raise suspicion of what?

A

Maternal Hypertension

46
Q

Woman complains of abdominal pain who has chronic hypertension, what should we suspect?

A

Placental abruption

47
Q

What is the leading cause of mental retardation in the West?

48
Q

Sonographic findings of FAS? MMV over, I’m goin FAS

A
  1. Microcephaly
  2. Micropthalmia
  3. VSD

OB 2 (20 decks)

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