Amniotic Fluid and Normal Placenta

Question 1

What is considered a dialysate of maternal serum?

Answer 1

Amniotic fluid

Question 2

What is considered essential for the tracheobronchial tree?

Answer 2

Amniotic fluid

Question 3

What is seen in the amniotic fluid that resembles debris in the third trimester?

Answer 3

Vernix

Question 4

How much urine does the fetus produce in the third trimester?

Answer 4

450mL per day

Question 5

If you see 40mL of amniotic fluid at 12 weeks, is this normal?

Answer 5

No. At 12 weeks, you should see 60mL of amniotic fluid

Question 6

How much amniotic fluid should be seen at 20 weeks?

Answer 6

500mL

Question 7

How are fetal fluid volumes maintained beginning at 20 weeks GA?

Answer 7

Swallowing and urination

Question 8

During how many weeks is amniotic fluid a subjective assessment only?

Answer 8

1st and 2nd trimester

Question 9

During what weeks should abnormal fluid levels be reported with a SDP?

Answer 9

18w-26w, 6d

Question 10

When performing an SDP, what is the width and height of the rectangular box that should be free of cord or fetal parts?

Answer 10

1cm width

2cm height

Question 11

On a routine 18-20 week detailed assessment, if we do not see fetal sex, what should we do?

Answer 11

Never schedule a follow up for the sole purpose of determining fetal sex

Question 12

Measurements for SDP?

Answer 12

Oligo = <2cm
Normal = 2-8cm
Poly = >8cm

Question 13

Measurements for AFI?

Answer 13

Oligo = <5cm
Normal = 5-25cm
Poly = >25cm

Question 14

T or F? Both oligo and polyhadramnios can be idiopathic?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Causes of oligohydramnios?

Answer 15

1. Uteroplacental insufficiency
2. IUGR
3. Postterm pregnancy
4. PROM

Question 16

Causes of polyhydramnios?

Answer 16

1. Maternal diabetes
2. Multiple gestations
3. Fetal Anemia

Question 17

What carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Answer 17

Umbilical vein

Question 18

What carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta?

Answer 18

Umbilical arteries

Question 19

What does the umbilical cord originate from?

Answer 19

Fusion of the yolk sac stalk and omphelomesenteric duct at 7 weeks

Question 20

What endometrial layer forms the maternal placenta?

Answer 20

Decidua basalis

Question 21

What is the fetal side of the placenta?

Answer 21

Chorion frondosum

Question 22

What can the placenta synthesize?

Answer 22

Sugars, fats, hormones

Question 23

What placental measurement is considered abnormal?

Answer 23

> 4 cm prior to 24 weeks

Question 24

What is the term for when the umbilical cord is eccentrically near the margins?

Answer 24

Battledore

Question 25

What is the term when the umbilical cord inserts below the edge of the placenta?

Answer 25

Velamentous

Question 26

What may cause the findings of large vascular spaces in the placenta?

Answer 26

Increased AFP

Question 27

What is the most common placental location?

Answer 27

Anterior

Question 28

What is the RPC composed of?

Answer 28

Decidua basalis and portions of myometrium

Question 29

What type of RPC location can cause excessive bleeding due to amniocentesis?

Answer 29

Anterior

Question 30

What type of RPC location can cause large venous channels within the complex?

Answer 30

Posterior due to gravity over-distending the veins