IUGR Flashcards
What is the term used for a neonate with a birth weight less than the 10th percentile?
SGA
LBW is considered what weight?
5 lbs 8oz or 2500g
What type of women have an increased risk of have a baby with IUGR?
- Previous birth with IUGR
- Hypertension
What is the perinatal period?
Onset of fetal viability (24 weeks) to 28 days after delivery
What has been found to cause the majority of “unexplained” stillbirths?
FGR
T or F? IUGR is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity
False: It is the SECOND leading cause behind preterm birth
Perinatal pathology associated with IUGR
- Polycythemia
- Hypothermia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Meconium Aspiration
Increased risk of cerebral palsy is seen in children with?
IUGR as a baby
What is associated with the most severe growth deficits in the fetus?
Preeclampsia AKA toxemia
What are the three groups of risk factors of IUGR?
- Maternal - medical conditions that effect blood circulation
- Fetal - all 3 trisomies
- Placental - insufficiency
What type of IUGR is known as “head sparing phenomenon”?
Asymmetric - HC is larger than the AC
Type of IUGR where all biometric measurements are proportionally reduced?
Symmetric - least common
In what trimester does asymmetric IUGR begin?
Third
What are the markers for IUGR or LBW?
Increased AFP
Decreased PAPP-A
Sonographic findings in IUGR (3)?
- Echogenic bowel in 2nd trimester
- Grade 3 placenta
- Decreased cerebellar measurement
A patient comes in for a follow up ultrasound for anatomy NWS on a detailed assessment 12 days ago. Should you perform the full biometric assessment for growth?
No, because biometry should only be performed 14 or more days apart
What is a NST also known as?
Cardiotocography
What is an abnormal NST?
When there is a lack of two or more accelerations within 40 minutes
What does NST measure?
FHR and fetal movement
What does BPP stand for?
Biophysical profile
What does a BPP entail?
- NST
- fetal movements
- fetal tone
- fetal breathing
- AFV
What BPP score indicates need for further testing?
4 or less
Does the MCA have a high or low RI?
High RI
Does uterine artery doppler have a high or low RI?
Low RI
In a normal pregnancy, does the RI of the UTA increase or decrease with increasing GA?
Decreases
Are normal ductus venosus waveforms biphasic, monophasic, or triphasic?
Biphasic
Abnormal DV waveforms have absent, decreased, or reversed flow in the?
A-wave
Normal umbilical vein doppler shows what kind of flow?
Linear forward flow
In what trimester does symmetric vs asymmetric IUGR appear?
Symmetric: 1st and 2nd
Asymmetric: 3rd
What serum analysis markers are suspected for LBW?
Low PAPP-A
Increased AFP
